Factors of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia: An Analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS 2017)
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Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the indicators of newborn mortality and also a health problem in infant growth and development. The case of LBW in Indonesia ranges from 5%-<10%, which makes Indonesia ranks sixth in Southeast Asia and in Indonesia as many as 1-3% of infant deaths occur. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with the case of LBW in Indonesia. This study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS 2017) using a cross-sectional design. Analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis and followed by bivariate analysis with chi-square test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. From the analysis results, factors that determined greater risk of LBW are lower economic status (p-value = 0.002; AOR = 2.026; 95% CI 1.292, urban residence (p-value = 0.012; AOR = 1.649; 95% CI 1.118-2.432), pregnancy complications (p-value = 0.011; AOR= 1.705; 95% CI (1.128-2.576), multiple pregnancy (p-value= 0.058; AOR= 4.405; 95% CI 0.954-20.344), and the opposite association with LBW case was the first child category pregnancy interval (p-value= 0.007; AOR= 0.605; 95% CI 0.421-0.870). The influencing factors of LBW case from this study were economic status, urban residence, pregnancy complications, and multiple pregnancies.
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How to Cite
Rahmadani, H., & Puspitasantik, Y. (2024). Factors of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia: An Analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS 2017). Unnes Journal of Public Health, 13(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v13i1.68487
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Rodríguez López, S., Tumas, N., Ortigoza, A., de Lima Friche, A. A., & Diez-Roux, A. V. (2021). Urban social environment and low birth weight in 360 Latin American cities. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-021-10886-7/TABLES/2
Saigal, S., Day, K. L., Van Lieshout, R. J., Schmidt, L. A., Morrison, K. M., & Boyle, M. H. (2016). Health, Wealth, Social Integration, and Sexuality of Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Prematurely Born Adults in the Fourth Decade of Life. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(7), 678–686. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2016.0289
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Alifariki, L. O., Kusnan, A., & La, R. (2019). Faktor determinan proksi kejadian kematian neonatus di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Buton Utara. BKM Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 35(4), 131–138.
Aryastami, N. K., Shankar, A., Kusumawardani, N., Besral, B., Jahari, A. B., & Achadi, E. (2017). Low birth weight was the most dominant predictor associated with stunting among children aged 12-23 months in Indonesia. BMC Nutrition, 3(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-017-0130-x
Bilgin, A., Mendonca, M., & Wolke, D. (2018). Preterm Birth/Low Birth Weight and Markers Reflective of Wealth in Adulthood: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 142(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/PEDS.2017-3625
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Chhea, C., Ir, P., & Sopheab, H. (2018). Low birth weight of institutional births in Cambodia: Analysis of the demographic and health surveys 2010-2014. PLoS ONE, 13(11), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207021
Dahlui, M., Azahar, N., Oche, O. M., & Aziz, N. A. (2016). Risk factors for low birth weight in Nigeria: evidence from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Global Health Action, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3402/GHA.V9.28822
de Mendonça, E. L. S. S., de Lima Macêna, M., Bueno, N. B., de Oliveira, A. C. M., & Mello, C. S. (2020). Premature birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age and chronic non-communicable diseases in adult life: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Early Human Development, 149, 105154. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EARLHUMDEV.2020.105154
Demelash, H., Motbainor, A., Nigatu, D., Gashaw, K., & Melese, A. (2015). Risk factors for low birth weight in Bale zone hospitals, South-East Ethiopia : a case–control study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12884-015-0677-Y
Desta, M., Tadese, M., Kassie, B., & Gedefaw, M. (2019). Determinants and adverse perinatal outcomes of low birth weight newborns delivered in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: a cohort study. BMC Research Notes, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S13104-019-4155-X
Gupta, R. Das, Swasey, K., Burrowes, V., Hashan, M. R., & Al Kibria, G. M. (2019). Factors associated with low birth weight in Afghanistan: a cross-sectional analysis of the demographic and health survey 2015. BMJ Open, 9(5), 25715. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-025715
Hailu, L. D., & Kebede, D. L. (2018). Determinants of Low Birth Weight among Deliveries at a Referral Hospital in Northern Ethiopia. BioMed Research International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8169615
Hanik, S., & Febri, W. (2017). Impact of Women’s Empowerment on Infant Mortality in Indonesia. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal: National Public Health Journal, 11(4), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.
Hartiningrum, I., & Fitriyah, N. (2018). Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2012-2016. Jurnal Biometrika Dan Kependudukan, 7(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbk.v7i2.2018.97-104
Jia, C. H., Feng, Z. S., Lin, X. J., Cui, Q. L., Han, S. S., Jin, Y., Liu, G. S., Yang, C. Z., Ye, X. T., Dai, Y. H., Liang, W. Y., Ye, X. Z., Mo, J., Ding, L., Wu, B. Q., Chen, H. X., Li, C. W., Zhang, Z., Rong, X., … Wu, F. (2022). Short term outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants from a multicenter cohort study in Guangdong of China. Scientific Reports 2022 12:1, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14432-2
Kaur, S., Ng, C. M., Badon, S. E., Jalil, R. A., Maykanathan, D., Yim, H. S., & Jan Mohamed, H. J. (2019). Risk factors for low birth weight among rural and urban Malaysian women. BMC Public Health, 19(Suppl 4). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-019-6864-4
Kemenkes. (2018). Menjaga Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak. WartaKESMAS, 48. https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Warta-kesmas-edisi-3-2018_1219.pdf
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2013). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2013. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2013/Laporan_riskesdas_2013_final.pdf
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505438809526230
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2020). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11257_5
Kumar, S. N., Raisuddin, S., Singh, K. J., Bastia, B., Borgohain, D., Teron, L., Sharma, S. K., & Jain, A. K. (2020). Association of maternal determinants with low birth weight babies in tea garden workers of Assam. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 46(5), 715–726. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOG.14239
Lin, L., Lu, C., Chen, W., Li, C., & Guo, V. Y. (2021). Parity and the risks of adverse birth outcomes: a retrospective study among Chinese. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12884-021-03718-4/TABLES/3
Liu, W., Liu, Q., Liu, W., & Qiu, C. (2021). Maternal risk factors and pregnancy complications associated with low birth weight neonates in preterm birth. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 47(9), 3196–3202. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOG.14830
Luo, J., Fan, C., Luo, M., Fang, J., Zhou, S., & Zhang, F. (2020). Pregnancy complications among nulliparous and multiparous women with advanced maternal age: A community-based prospective cohort study in China. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12884-020-03284-1/TABLES/3
Mahumud, R. A., Sultana, M., & Sarker, A. R. (2017). Distribution and Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Developing Countries. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 50(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3961/JPMPH.16.087
Mathew, R. J., Bose, A., Prasad, J. H., Muliyil, J. P., & Singh, D. (2014). Maternal periodontal disease as a significant risk factor for low birth weight in pregnant women attending a secondary care hospital in South India: A Case-control study. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 25(6), 742–747. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.152184
Miedema, S. S., Haardörfer, R., Girard, A. W., & Yount, K. M. (2018). Women’s empowerment in East Africa: Development of a cross-country comparable measure. World Development, 110, 453–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2018.05.031
Mohammed, S., Bonsing, I., Yakubu, I., & Wondong, W. P. (2019). Maternal obstetric and socio-demographic determinants of low birth weight: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Ghana. Reproductive Health, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12978-019-0742-5
Muche, A. A., Olayemi, O. O., & Gete, Y. K. (2020). Effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on risk of adverse maternal outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12884-020-2759-8
Öberg, S. (2015). Sibship size and height before, during, and after the fertility decline: A test of the resource dilution hypothesis. Demographic Research, 32(1), 29–74. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.2
Olack, B., Santos, N., Inziani, M., Moshi, V., Oyoo, P., Nalwa, G., OumaOtare, L. C., Walker, D., & Otieno, P. A. (2021). Causes of preterm and low birth weight neonatal mortality in a rural community in Kenya: evidence from verbal and social autopsy. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12884-021-04012-Z/FIGURES/5
Pennington, A., Orton, L., Nayak, S., Ring, A., Petticrew, M., Sowden, A., White, M., & Whitehead, M. (2018). The health impacts of women’s low control in their living environment: A theory-based systematic review of observational studies in societies with profound gender discrimination. Health & Place, 51, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2018.02.001
Rodríguez López, S., Tumas, N., Ortigoza, A., de Lima Friche, A. A., & Diez-Roux, A. V. (2021). Urban social environment and low birth weight in 360 Latin American cities. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-021-10886-7/TABLES/2
Saigal, S., Day, K. L., Van Lieshout, R. J., Schmidt, L. A., Morrison, K. M., & Boyle, M. H. (2016). Health, Wealth, Social Integration, and Sexuality of Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Prematurely Born Adults in the Fourth Decade of Life. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(7), 678–686. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2016.0289
Sharma, A., & Kader, M. (2013). Effect of Women’s Decision-Making Autonomy on Infant’s Birth Weight in Rural Bangladesh. ISRN Pediatrics, 2013, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/159542
Tamirat, K. S., Sisay, M. M., Tesema, G. A., & Tessema, Z. T. (2021). Determinants of adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of recent demographic and health surveys. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-021-11113-Z/TABLES/3
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