How Far is Consumer Protection in the Health Care Sector? Consumer Protection Law, Health Law, Criminal Law
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Published
Apr 30, 2020
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Abstract
In health services, it is not uncommon to cause malpractice due to negligence committed by health workers who are not in accordance with professional standards. This paper is intended to analyse concerning to how to protect consumers, the form of legal protection for patients as consumers of medical services and the forms of responsibility of hospitals and doctors as parties to medical services according to Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health. To answer the question used the normative legal research method, the approach used in legal research is the statute approachÂÂ), and case approach. In the Decision of Central Jakarta District Court No. 287/PDT.G/BTH/2011/PN.JKT.PST) there are 5 (five) rights of consumers who have been neglected by business actors according to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, namely Article 4 points (a), (c), (d), (e), (g), and (h), and according to the Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health of consumer rights that are violated is in Articles 5-8, Articles 56-58. Regarding the responsibility given by business actors (RSCM) to consumers (Nina Dwijayanti) in the form of money amounting to Rp 1,776,010,000.00 (one billion seven hundred seventy-six million ten thousand rupiah), in Article 19 paragraph (2) the Consumer Law only recognizes just material compensation but according to Article 46 of Law No.44 of 2009 concerning this compensation house is appropriate.
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How to Cite
Nuryaasiinta, C. M. W. (2020). How Far is Consumer Protection in the Health Care Sector?. Unnes Law Journal, 6(1), 47-72. https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v5i1.28132
Section
Research Article
References
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Augustynowicz, A., et al. (2018). The scope of obligatory civil liability insurance of entities conducting medical activities and liability for damages resulting from violations of patients’ rights in the Polish law. Journal of Education, Health and Sport 8(4), 357-366.
Bakshi, A. S. (2018). Hippocratic Oath or Hypocrisy?: Doctors at the Crossroads. London: Sage Publications Pvt. Limited.
Bhargava, R. (2017). Changing Ethics and the Hippocrates Oath. Orthop Res Traumatol Open J 2(2),1-5.
Chamsi-Pasha, H, & Albar, M. A. (2016). Doctor-patient relationship: Islamic perspective. Saudi Medical Journal 37(2), 121-126.
Clément, D. (2018). Human rights or social justice? The problem of rights inflation. The International Journal of Human Rights 22(2), 155-169.
Dharmshaktu, G. S., & Pangtey, T. (2019). Doctor! Thou shall abide by amended Hippocratic oath. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 8(10), 3450-3451.
Febrianto, S. (2011). “Gunawan Gugat RSCM Rp 1,7 Miliar atas Dugaan Malpraktikâ€, Tribun News 18 August, https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2011/08/18/gunawan-gugat-rscm-rp-17-miliar-atas-dugaan-malpraktik.
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Gintis, H., &t van Schaik, C. (2013). Zoon Politicon: The evolutionary roots of human sociopolitical systems. In: Richerson, P. J., Christiansen, M. H. Cultural Evolution: Society, technology, language, and religion. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Green, B. (2017). Use of the Hippocratic or other professional oaths in UK medical schools in 2017: practice, perception of benefit and principlism. BMC research notes 10(777), 1-4.
Guwandi, J. (2006). Dugaan Malpraktek Medik dan Draft RPP: Perjanjian Terapeutik Antara Dokter dan Pasien. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
Guwandi, J. (1994). Kelalaian Medik (Medical Negligence). Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
Hadi, I. G. A. P. (2018). Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam Pertanggungjawaban Dokter terhadap Tindakan Malpraktik Medis. Jurnal Yuridis 5(1), 98-133.
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Indla, V., & Radhika, M. S. (2019). Hippocratic oath: Losing relevance in today's world?. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 61(Suppl 4), 773-775.
Kath, E. (2006). Father knows best? Cuba’s proactive approach to healthcare delivers results but paternalism brings some compromises. Cuba in Transition 16(2), 351-365.
Khademi, M., Mohammadi, E., & Vanaki, Z. (2019). On the violation of hospitalized patients’ rights: A qualitative study. Nursing Ethics 26(2), 576-586.
Koeswadji, H. H. (1998). Hukum Kedokteran (Studi Tentang Hubungan Hukum dalam Mana Dokter Sebagai Salah Satu Pihak). Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti.
Levene, M., & Fenner, T. (2020). A problem in human dynamics: modelling the population density of a social space. Journal of Building Performance Simulation 13(1), 112-121.
Masinambow, E. (2016). Kedudukan Doktrin Res Ipsa Loquitur dalam Hukum Pembuktian Perdata dalam Kasus Malpraktik. Lex et Societatis 4(5), 88-96.
Mertokusumo, S. (2005). Mengenal Hukum Suatu Pengantar. Yogyakarta: Liberty.
Miharja, M. (2020). Sanksi Administratif Malpraktik Bagi Dokter dan Rumah Sakit di Indonesia. DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5(1), 51-56.
Mohammadi, M., et al. (2018). Do patients know that physicians should be confidential? study on patients’ awareness of privacy and confidentiality. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 11(1), 30258551 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6150920/
Muhammad, A. (2010). Hukum Perdata Indonesia. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.
Muhammad, K. (1987). Malpraktek, Paper, presented at Malpractice Symposium, held by Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta 7 March 1987.
Pastorini, A., et al. (2018). Medico-legal aspects of tort law patient safeguards within the Gelli-Bianco piece of legislation. La Clinica Terapeutica 169(4),170-177.
Priliawito, E. (2009). “RSCM Dituding Malpraktik oleh Karwayannyaâ€, VIVA News, 13 March, https://www.viva.co.id/berita/metro/40476-rscm-dituding-malpraktik-oleh-karyawannya.
Rahmawan, H., Sabri, F., & Mannas, Y. A. (2019). Regulating Legal Relationships of Doctors and Hospitals to One Party with Patients to Other Parties in the Indonesian Civil Law System. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6(4), 255-272.
Raveesh, B. N., Nayak, R. B., & Kumbar, S. F. (2016). Preventing medico-legal issues in clinical practice. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 19(Suppl 1), 15-120.
Republic of Indonesia. (1999). Law No.8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection [Undang-Undang No.8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen].
Republic of Indonesia. (2004). Law No. 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practices [Undang-Undang No. 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran].
Republic of Indonesia. (2009). Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health [Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan].
Republic of Indonesia. (2009). Law No. 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals [Undang-Undang No. 44 Tahun 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit].
Republic of Indonesia. (2008). Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No.290 / Menkes/Per/III/2008 concerning Approval of Medical Measures [Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No.290/Menkes/Per/III/2008 tentang Persetujuan Tindakan Kedokteran].
Republic of Indonesia. (2010). Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No.1438 / Menkes / Per / IX / 2010 concerning Medical Service Standards [Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No.1438/Menkes/Per/IX/2010 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kedokteran].
Rohan, P., et al. (2019). Is the Current Consent Process Appropriate for Patients and Fair to Newly Qualified Doctors? Irish Medical Journal 112(6), 959-959.
Rosenberg, A. (2018). Philosophy of Social Ccience. London: Routledge.
Samsul, I. (2019). Aspek Nilai dan Kepentingan dalam pembentukan Undang-undang (Suatu Tinjauan Sosiologis). Era Hukum-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum 3(4), 52-67.
Samsul, I. (2016). Penegakan Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Melalui Penyelenggaraan Metrologi Legal dalam Era Otonomi Daerah. Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan 6(2), 169-186.
Santana, A. F. F. A., Pereira, M. O., & Alves, M. (2017). The (un) preparation of the judiciary hospital for resocialization: violation of human rights. Escola Anna Nery 21(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0022
Santoso, M.I., Djatmika, P., Sugiri, B., & Suhariningsih (2017). The Regulation of Medical Malpractice in Indonesia Law System and Its Legal Implication. Research on Humanities and Social Cciences, 7(4), 89-94.
Schütz, A., Staubmann, H., & Lidz, V. (2018). The problem of rationality in the social world. In Rationality in the Social Sciences. Cham: Springer.
Sherman, P. W., & Neff, B. D. (2003). Father Knows Best. Nature 425.6954, 136-137.
Shidarta, S. (2000). Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Indonesia. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Soebijoto, H. (2011). “Hari Ini Sidang Pembelaan RSCM Atas Tudingan Malpraktikâ€, KOMPAS, 13 September, https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2011/09/13/10055650/Hari.Ini.Sidang.Pembelaan.RSCM.Atas.Tudingan.Malpraktik.
Soekanto, S. (1989). Aspek Hukum Kesehatan (Suatu Kumpulan Catatan). Jakarta: Ind-Hill-Corp.
Subekti, R. (1995). Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata. Jakarta: PT Intermesa.
Subekti, R. (2010). Hukum Perjanjian. Jakarta: PT Intermasa.
Sudaryatmo, S. (2001). Seri Panduan Konsumen, Memahami Hak Anda Sebagai Konsumen: Penjelasan Praktis mengenai UU No: 8/1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Jakarta: PIRAC & PEG.
Syafruddin, S. (2017). The Protection for Private Rights of Hospital Patient in the Perspective of Indonesia Legal System. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization 66(1), 116-121.
Willmott, L., et al. (2016). Is there a role for law in medical practice when withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining medical treatment? Empirical findings on attitudes of doctors. Journal of Law and Medicine 24(2), 342-355.
Zinman, D. C. (1991). Father knows best: The unwed father's right to raise his infant surrendered for adoption. Fordham L. Rev. 60(5), 971-1001.
Ali, Z. (2014). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Ameln, F. (1991). Kapita Selekta Hukum Kedokteran. Jakarta: Grafikatama Jaya.
Augustynowicz, A., et al. (2018). The scope of obligatory civil liability insurance of entities conducting medical activities and liability for damages resulting from violations of patients’ rights in the Polish law. Journal of Education, Health and Sport 8(4), 357-366.
Bakshi, A. S. (2018). Hippocratic Oath or Hypocrisy?: Doctors at the Crossroads. London: Sage Publications Pvt. Limited.
Bhargava, R. (2017). Changing Ethics and the Hippocrates Oath. Orthop Res Traumatol Open J 2(2),1-5.
Chamsi-Pasha, H, & Albar, M. A. (2016). Doctor-patient relationship: Islamic perspective. Saudi Medical Journal 37(2), 121-126.
Clément, D. (2018). Human rights or social justice? The problem of rights inflation. The International Journal of Human Rights 22(2), 155-169.
Dharmshaktu, G. S., & Pangtey, T. (2019). Doctor! Thou shall abide by amended Hippocratic oath. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 8(10), 3450-3451.
Febrianto, S. (2011). “Gunawan Gugat RSCM Rp 1,7 Miliar atas Dugaan Malpraktikâ€, Tribun News 18 August, https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2011/08/18/gunawan-gugat-rscm-rp-17-miliar-atas-dugaan-malpraktik.
Fuady, M. (2005). Sumpah Hippocrates: (Aspek Hukum Malpraktek Dokter). Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti.
Gintis, H., &t van Schaik, C. (2013). Zoon Politicon: The evolutionary roots of human sociopolitical systems. In: Richerson, P. J., Christiansen, M. H. Cultural Evolution: Society, technology, language, and religion. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Green, B. (2017). Use of the Hippocratic or other professional oaths in UK medical schools in 2017: practice, perception of benefit and principlism. BMC research notes 10(777), 1-4.
Guwandi, J. (2006). Dugaan Malpraktek Medik dan Draft RPP: Perjanjian Terapeutik Antara Dokter dan Pasien. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
Guwandi, J. (1994). Kelalaian Medik (Medical Negligence). Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
Hadi, I. G. A. P. (2018). Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam Pertanggungjawaban Dokter terhadap Tindakan Malpraktik Medis. Jurnal Yuridis 5(1), 98-133.
Hindarto, S. Y. (2011). “Diduga Salah Diagnosa, Nina Dirawat 32 Bulan di RSCMâ€, Okezone News, 4 October, https://megapolitan.okezone.com/read/2011/10/04/338/510609/diduga-salah-diagnosa-nina-dirawat-32-bulan-di-rscm.
Indla, V., & Radhika, M. S. (2019). Hippocratic oath: Losing relevance in today's world?. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 61(Suppl 4), 773-775.
Kath, E. (2006). Father knows best? Cuba’s proactive approach to healthcare delivers results but paternalism brings some compromises. Cuba in Transition 16(2), 351-365.
Khademi, M., Mohammadi, E., & Vanaki, Z. (2019). On the violation of hospitalized patients’ rights: A qualitative study. Nursing Ethics 26(2), 576-586.
Koeswadji, H. H. (1998). Hukum Kedokteran (Studi Tentang Hubungan Hukum dalam Mana Dokter Sebagai Salah Satu Pihak). Jakarta: Citra Aditya Bakti.
Levene, M., & Fenner, T. (2020). A problem in human dynamics: modelling the population density of a social space. Journal of Building Performance Simulation 13(1), 112-121.
Masinambow, E. (2016). Kedudukan Doktrin Res Ipsa Loquitur dalam Hukum Pembuktian Perdata dalam Kasus Malpraktik. Lex et Societatis 4(5), 88-96.
Mertokusumo, S. (2005). Mengenal Hukum Suatu Pengantar. Yogyakarta: Liberty.
Miharja, M. (2020). Sanksi Administratif Malpraktik Bagi Dokter dan Rumah Sakit di Indonesia. DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5(1), 51-56.
Mohammadi, M., et al. (2018). Do patients know that physicians should be confidential? study on patients’ awareness of privacy and confidentiality. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 11(1), 30258551 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6150920/
Muhammad, A. (2010). Hukum Perdata Indonesia. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.
Muhammad, K. (1987). Malpraktek, Paper, presented at Malpractice Symposium, held by Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta 7 March 1987.
Pastorini, A., et al. (2018). Medico-legal aspects of tort law patient safeguards within the Gelli-Bianco piece of legislation. La Clinica Terapeutica 169(4),170-177.
Priliawito, E. (2009). “RSCM Dituding Malpraktik oleh Karwayannyaâ€, VIVA News, 13 March, https://www.viva.co.id/berita/metro/40476-rscm-dituding-malpraktik-oleh-karyawannya.
Rahmawan, H., Sabri, F., & Mannas, Y. A. (2019). Regulating Legal Relationships of Doctors and Hospitals to One Party with Patients to Other Parties in the Indonesian Civil Law System. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6(4), 255-272.
Raveesh, B. N., Nayak, R. B., & Kumbar, S. F. (2016). Preventing medico-legal issues in clinical practice. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 19(Suppl 1), 15-120.
Republic of Indonesia. (1999). Law No.8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection [Undang-Undang No.8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen].
Republic of Indonesia. (2004). Law No. 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practices [Undang-Undang No. 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran].
Republic of Indonesia. (2009). Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health [Undang-Undang No. 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan].
Republic of Indonesia. (2009). Law No. 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals [Undang-Undang No. 44 Tahun 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit].
Republic of Indonesia. (2008). Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No.290 / Menkes/Per/III/2008 concerning Approval of Medical Measures [Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No.290/Menkes/Per/III/2008 tentang Persetujuan Tindakan Kedokteran].
Republic of Indonesia. (2010). Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No.1438 / Menkes / Per / IX / 2010 concerning Medical Service Standards [Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No.1438/Menkes/Per/IX/2010 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kedokteran].
Rohan, P., et al. (2019). Is the Current Consent Process Appropriate for Patients and Fair to Newly Qualified Doctors? Irish Medical Journal 112(6), 959-959.
Rosenberg, A. (2018). Philosophy of Social Ccience. London: Routledge.
Samsul, I. (2019). Aspek Nilai dan Kepentingan dalam pembentukan Undang-undang (Suatu Tinjauan Sosiologis). Era Hukum-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum 3(4), 52-67.
Samsul, I. (2016). Penegakan Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Melalui Penyelenggaraan Metrologi Legal dalam Era Otonomi Daerah. Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan 6(2), 169-186.
Santana, A. F. F. A., Pereira, M. O., & Alves, M. (2017). The (un) preparation of the judiciary hospital for resocialization: violation of human rights. Escola Anna Nery 21(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0022
Santoso, M.I., Djatmika, P., Sugiri, B., & Suhariningsih (2017). The Regulation of Medical Malpractice in Indonesia Law System and Its Legal Implication. Research on Humanities and Social Cciences, 7(4), 89-94.
Schütz, A., Staubmann, H., & Lidz, V. (2018). The problem of rationality in the social world. In Rationality in the Social Sciences. Cham: Springer.
Sherman, P. W., & Neff, B. D. (2003). Father Knows Best. Nature 425.6954, 136-137.
Shidarta, S. (2000). Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Indonesia. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Soebijoto, H. (2011). “Hari Ini Sidang Pembelaan RSCM Atas Tudingan Malpraktikâ€, KOMPAS, 13 September, https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2011/09/13/10055650/Hari.Ini.Sidang.Pembelaan.RSCM.Atas.Tudingan.Malpraktik.
Soekanto, S. (1989). Aspek Hukum Kesehatan (Suatu Kumpulan Catatan). Jakarta: Ind-Hill-Corp.
Subekti, R. (1995). Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata. Jakarta: PT Intermesa.
Subekti, R. (2010). Hukum Perjanjian. Jakarta: PT Intermasa.
Sudaryatmo, S. (2001). Seri Panduan Konsumen, Memahami Hak Anda Sebagai Konsumen: Penjelasan Praktis mengenai UU No: 8/1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Jakarta: PIRAC & PEG.
Syafruddin, S. (2017). The Protection for Private Rights of Hospital Patient in the Perspective of Indonesia Legal System. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization 66(1), 116-121.
Willmott, L., et al. (2016). Is there a role for law in medical practice when withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining medical treatment? Empirical findings on attitudes of doctors. Journal of Law and Medicine 24(2), 342-355.
Zinman, D. C. (1991). Father knows best: The unwed father's right to raise his infant surrendered for adoption. Fordham L. Rev. 60(5), 971-1001.