Keywords
Digital technology
learning process
lecturers
teaching analysis
learning process
lecturers
teaching analysis
How to Cite
Mardiana, H. (2021). Analyzing Teaching Needs to Develop Digital Technology Innovation for Learning Process during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Indonesian Journal of Curriculum and Educational Technology Studies, 9(2), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcets.v9i2.48617
Abstract
This research examines the use of digital technology as an intervention plan for teaching during the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. It assesses the readiness and preparedness of 103 social science lecturers from universities in Tangerang Kota to use digital technology for teaching during the pandemic. Many lecturers were reluctant to improve their abilities and skills in digital technology, and some found it challenging. The study used a quantitative and semi-structured qualitative method to analyze the application of technology and investigate lecturers' abilities and skills in using digital technology during the outbreak. The result revealed that 69 respondents were capable and skilled in developing technological innovation. The remaining 34 respondents faced difficulties and were advised to relearn the development of innovative technology for 21st-century learning. This research offers insights into the challenges and opportunities of using digital technology for teaching during a pandemic and highlights the importance of technological readiness.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi penggunaan teknologi digital sebagai rencana intervensi untuk mengajar selama pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menilai kesiapan dan persiapan 103 dosen ilmu sosial dari universitas di Tangerang Kota dalam menggunakan teknologi digital untuk mengajar selama pandemi. Banyak dosen yang enggan meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan mereka dalam teknologi digital, dan beberapa dari mereka menganggapnya sulit. Studi ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan semi-terstruktur kualitatif untuk menganalisis penerapan teknologi dan menyelidiki kemampuan dan keterampilan dosen dalam menggunakan teknologi digital selama pandemi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 69 responden mampu dan terampil dalam mengembangkan inovasi teknologi. Sementara 34 responden lainnya mengalami kesulitan dan disarankan untuk mempelajari kembali pengembangan teknologi inovatif untuk pembelajaran abad ke-21. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang tantangan dan peluang penggunaan teknologi digital untuk mengajar selama pandemi serta menyoroti pentingnya kesiapan teknologi.
References
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Chiasson, K., Terras, K., & Smart, K. (2015). Faculty Perceptions Of Moving A Face-To-Face Course To Online Instruction. Journal of College Teaching & Learning – Third Quarter , 231-240. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1067275.pdf
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Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2010). Teacher Technology Change: How Knowledge, Confidence, Beliefs, and Culture Intersect. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(3), 255-284. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ882506.pdf
Gee, J. (2012). Importance of Prior Knowledge to Learning. Normal, Illinois: News Illinois State of University.
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van Warmerdam, G. (2017, August). Changing Core Beliefs, Emotional Reactions and Behaviors. Santa Barbara, California, USA.
Welsch, W. (2000). Rationality and Reason Today. Jena Germany: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Institut für Philosophie.
Zhao, Y., Pugh, K., Sheldon, S., & Byers, J. L. (2002, April). Conditions for Classroom Technology Innovations. Teachers Cotlege Record , 104(3), 482-515. Retrieved from https://www.rtsd.org/cms/lib/PA01000218/Centricity/Domain/96/Conditions%20for%20Classroom%20Tech.pdf
Almarzooq, Z., Lopes, M., & Kochar, A. (2020). Virtual Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Disruptive Technology inGraduate Medical Education. Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 75(20), 2635-2638. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.015
Andrews, R., & Haythornthwaite, C. (2007). Introduction to E-learning Research. Bristol, United Kingdom: SAGE HANDBOOK. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264407560_The_Sage_Handbook_of_E-learning_Research
Ciarrusta, S., & Alejandro, I. (2020). Remote Learning, EdTech & COVID-19. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/edutech/brief/edtech-covid-19
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Costică, L. (2014). The contribution of the new technologies to learning mathematics . Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 128, 240-245.
Dept. Edu, U. (2012). Use of Technology in Teaching and Learning. Department of Education. Washington, DC, USA: Department of Education. Retrieved from https://www.ed.gov/oii-news/use-technology-teaching-and-learning
Desforges, C., & Abouchaar, A. (2003). The Impact of Parental Involvement, Parental Support and Family Education on Pupil Achievements and Adjustment: A Literature Review. Department of Education and Skills. Nottingham: Queens.
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 1-18. doi:10.177/004723952934018
Fullan, M. (1991). The New Meaning of Educational Change. New York: Teachers' College Press.
Ghavifekr, S., Kunjappan, T., Ramasamy, L., & Anthony, A. (2016). Teaching and Learning with ICT Tools: Issues and Challenges from Teachers’ Perceptions . Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 4(2), 38-57. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1096028.pdf
Gonzalez, W. J. (2005). THE PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY. In W. J. Gonzalez, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: A PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE (pp. 3-51). Coruna, Spain: Netbiblo, S.L.
Horowitz, J. M., & Igielnik, R. (2020, October 29). Most Parents of K-12 Students Learning Online Worry About Them Falling Behind. Retrieved from Pew Research Center: https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2020/10/29/most-parents-of-k-12-students-learning-online-worry-about-them-falling-behind/
Jakarta Post, & Lie, A. (2020, May 2). COVID-19 disruption and the widening digital divide. Retrieved from Jakarta Post - Academia: https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/05/02/covid-19-disruption-and-the-widening-digital-divide.html
Jakarta Post, Loasana , N. A., & Gorbiano, M. I. (2020, May 1). COVID-19 pandemic exposes problems in our health care, Jokowi says. Retrieved from The Jakarta Post News: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/30/covid-19-pandemic-exposes-problems-in-our-health-care-jokowi-says.html
KEMENDIKBUD. (2020). Pembelajaran secara Daring dan Bekerja dari Rumah untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Biro Komunikasi dan Layanan Masyarakat. Jakarta: Biro Komunikasi dan Layanan Masyarakat. Retrieved April 28, 2020, from https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2020/03/mendikbud-terbitkan-se-tentang-pelaksanaan-pendidikan-dalam-masa-darurat-covid19
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Lanauer, J., & Rowlands, J. (2001). The Importance of Philosophy. Copyright © 2001 by Jeff Landauer and Joseph Rowlands.
Li, C., & Lalani, F. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education forever. This is how . The World Economic Forum COVID Action Platform. Washington,
DC, USA: Wordl Economic Forum. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-covid19-online-digital-learning/
Mardiana, H. (2020). Lecturers’ Adaptability To Technological Change And ts Impact On The Teaching Process . Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 9(2), 275-289. doi:10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v9i2.24595
Mardiana, H. (2020). Lecturers’ Attitudes towards Online Teaching in the Learning Process. REGISTER JOURNAL, 13(1), 77-98. doi:https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v13i1.77-98
Means , B., & Olson, K. (1994, April). The Link Between Technology and Authentic Learning Vol 51 Nol 7. Retrieved from EL: Educational Leadership: http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/apr94/vol51/num07/The-Link-Between-Technology-and-Authentic-Learning.aspx
Mohammed, S. (2019). Is technology good or bad for learning? Brookings community and the public school, Washington, DC., USA. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/05/08/is-technology-good-or-bad-for-learning/
Queraltó, R. (2005). PHILOSOPHICAL PATTERNS OF RATIONALITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE. In W. J. Gonzalez, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: A PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE (pp. 179-206). Caruna, Spain: Netbiblo, S.L.
Reimers, F., Schleicher, A., Saavedra, J., & Tuominen, S. (2020). Supporting the continuation of teaching and learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic - Annotated resources for online learning. Washington, DC: OECD.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovation 5th edition. London: Simon and Schuster.
Selwyn, N. (2010). Looking Beyond Learning: Notes towards the Critical Study of Educational Technology. Journal of computer Assisted Learnng 26 (1), 65-73).
Stake, R. E. (1994). Case studies. In N. K. Denzin, Y. S. Lincoln, N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 236-247). Thousand Oak, California, USA: SAGE.
Straub, D., Keil, M., & Brenner, W. (1997). Testing the Technology Acceptance Model across Cultures: A Three Country Study. Information & Management 33 (1), 1-11.
UCLG, Metropolis, & UN-Habitat. (2020). Digital Technologies and the COVID19 pandemic . Amsterdam, NL: [email protected].
UN Bulletin. (2020, April 15). Digital technologies critical in facing COVID-19 pandemic. Retrieved from United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs: https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/policy/digital-technologies-critical-in-facing-covid-19-pandemic.html
UNESCO. (2020). Learning in the COVID-19 era. Education Series. Paris, France: UNESCO. Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/news/learning-covid-19-era
WHO. (2020). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 16 March 2020. Washington, DC: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---16-march-2020
Zhao, Y., & Frank, K. A. (2003). Factors affecting technology uses in schools: ecological perspective. American Educational Research Journal 40 (4), 807-840.
Van Damme, D. (2016). The innovation imperative in education. Educational Research and Innovation. Paris: Secretary-General of the OECD. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/education/ceri/GEIS2016-Background-document.pdf
Adit , A. (2020, March 17). Perhatikan 10 Hal Ini Agar Pembelajaran Daring Efektif. (A. Adit, Editor) Retrieved from Kommpas.com: https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2020/03/17/113921271/perhatikan-10-hal-ini-agar-pembelajaran-daring-efektif?page=all
Arkorful, V., & Abaidoo, N. (2014, December). The role of e-learning, the advantages, and disadvantages of its adoption in Higher Education. International Journal of Education and Research , 2(12), 397-410. Retrieved from https://www.ijern.com/journal/2014/December-2014/34.pdf
Chiasson, K., Terras, K., & Smart, K. (2015). Faculty Perceptions Of Moving A Face-To-Face Course To Online Instruction. Journal of College Teaching & Learning – Third Quarter , 231-240. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1067275.pdf
Christensen , C. M., & Horn, M. B. (2011, October 11). The rise of online education. Retrieved from The Washington Post Daily News: https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-innovations/the-rise-of-online-education/2011/09/14/gIQA8e2AdL_story.html
De, B. (2018, February 4). Traditional Learning Vs. Online Learning. Retrieved from Learning Industry: https://elearningindustry.com/traditional-learning-vs-online-learning
Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2010). Teacher Technology Change: How Knowledge, Confidence, Beliefs, and Culture Intersect. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(3), 255-284. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ882506.pdf
Gee, J. (2012). Importance of Prior Knowledge to Learning. Normal, Illinois: News Illinois State of University.
Kasih, A. P. (2020, March 11). Wabah Corona, ini Tanggapan Kemendikbud tentang Meliburkan Sekolah. (Y. E. Harususilo, Editor) Retrieved April 28, 28, from Kompas.com: https://edukasi.kompas.com/read/2020/03/11/18003611/wabah-corona-ini-tanggapan-kemendikbud-tentang-meliburkan-sekolah
Mardiana, H., & Daniels, H. K. (2019, October). Technological Determinism, New Literacies and Learning Process And The Impact Towards Future Learning. Journal of Educational Science and Technology, 5(3), 219-229. doi:10.26858/est.v5i3.8662
van Warmerdam, G. (2017, August). Changing Core Beliefs, Emotional Reactions and Behaviors. Santa Barbara, California, USA.
Welsch, W. (2000). Rationality and Reason Today. Jena Germany: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Institut für Philosophie.
Zhao, Y., Pugh, K., Sheldon, S., & Byers, J. L. (2002, April). Conditions for Classroom Technology Innovations. Teachers Cotlege Record , 104(3), 482-515. Retrieved from https://www.rtsd.org/cms/lib/PA01000218/Centricity/Domain/96/Conditions%20for%20Classroom%20Tech.pdf
Almarzooq, Z., Lopes, M., & Kochar, A. (2020). Virtual Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Disruptive Technology inGraduate Medical Education. Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 75(20), 2635-2638. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.015
Andrews, R., & Haythornthwaite, C. (2007). Introduction to E-learning Research. Bristol, United Kingdom: SAGE HANDBOOK. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264407560_The_Sage_Handbook_of_E-learning_Research
Ciarrusta, S., & Alejandro, I. (2020). Remote Learning, EdTech & COVID-19. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/edutech/brief/edtech-covid-19
Cloete, A. L. (2017, October 25). Technology and education: Challenges and opportunities. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 73(3), 1-7. doi:https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v73i3.4589
Costică, L. (2014). The contribution of the new technologies to learning mathematics . Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 128, 240-245.
Dept. Edu, U. (2012). Use of Technology in Teaching and Learning. Department of Education. Washington, DC, USA: Department of Education. Retrieved from https://www.ed.gov/oii-news/use-technology-teaching-and-learning
Desforges, C., & Abouchaar, A. (2003). The Impact of Parental Involvement, Parental Support and Family Education on Pupil Achievements and Adjustment: A Literature Review. Department of Education and Skills. Nottingham: Queens.
Dhawan, S. (2020). Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 1-18. doi:10.177/004723952934018
Fullan, M. (1991). The New Meaning of Educational Change. New York: Teachers' College Press.
Ghavifekr, S., Kunjappan, T., Ramasamy, L., & Anthony, A. (2016). Teaching and Learning with ICT Tools: Issues and Challenges from Teachers’ Perceptions . Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 4(2), 38-57. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1096028.pdf
Gonzalez, W. J. (2005). THE PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY. In W. J. Gonzalez, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: A PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE (pp. 3-51). Coruna, Spain: Netbiblo, S.L.
Horowitz, J. M., & Igielnik, R. (2020, October 29). Most Parents of K-12 Students Learning Online Worry About Them Falling Behind. Retrieved from Pew Research Center: https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2020/10/29/most-parents-of-k-12-students-learning-online-worry-about-them-falling-behind/
Jakarta Post, & Lie, A. (2020, May 2). COVID-19 disruption and the widening digital divide. Retrieved from Jakarta Post - Academia: https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/05/02/covid-19-disruption-and-the-widening-digital-divide.html
Jakarta Post, Loasana , N. A., & Gorbiano, M. I. (2020, May 1). COVID-19 pandemic exposes problems in our health care, Jokowi says. Retrieved from The Jakarta Post News: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/30/covid-19-pandemic-exposes-problems-in-our-health-care-jokowi-says.html
KEMENDIKBUD. (2020). Pembelajaran secara Daring dan Bekerja dari Rumah untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Biro Komunikasi dan Layanan Masyarakat. Jakarta: Biro Komunikasi dan Layanan Masyarakat. Retrieved April 28, 2020, from https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2020/03/mendikbud-terbitkan-se-tentang-pelaksanaan-pendidikan-dalam-masa-darurat-covid19
King, J., & South, J. (2017). Reimagining the Role of Technology in Education: 2017 National Education Technology Plan Update. Official of Educational Technology, US Department of Education. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION https://tech.ed.gov/: NETP Development. Retrieved from https://tech.ed.gov/files/2017/01/NETP17.pdf
Lanauer, J., & Rowlands, J. (2001). The Importance of Philosophy. Copyright © 2001 by Jeff Landauer and Joseph Rowlands.
Li, C., & Lalani, F. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education forever. This is how . The World Economic Forum COVID Action Platform. Washington,
DC, USA: Wordl Economic Forum. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/coronavirus-education-global-covid19-online-digital-learning/
Mardiana, H. (2020). Lecturers’ Adaptability To Technological Change And ts Impact On The Teaching Process . Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 9(2), 275-289. doi:10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v9i2.24595
Mardiana, H. (2020). Lecturers’ Attitudes towards Online Teaching in the Learning Process. REGISTER JOURNAL, 13(1), 77-98. doi:https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v13i1.77-98
Means , B., & Olson, K. (1994, April). The Link Between Technology and Authentic Learning Vol 51 Nol 7. Retrieved from EL: Educational Leadership: http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/apr94/vol51/num07/The-Link-Between-Technology-and-Authentic-Learning.aspx
Mohammed, S. (2019). Is technology good or bad for learning? Brookings community and the public school, Washington, DC., USA. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/05/08/is-technology-good-or-bad-for-learning/
Queraltó, R. (2005). PHILOSOPHICAL PATTERNS OF RATIONALITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE. In W. J. Gonzalez, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: A PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE (pp. 179-206). Caruna, Spain: Netbiblo, S.L.
Reimers, F., Schleicher, A., Saavedra, J., & Tuominen, S. (2020). Supporting the continuation of teaching and learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic - Annotated resources for online learning. Washington, DC: OECD.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovation 5th edition. London: Simon and Schuster.
Selwyn, N. (2010). Looking Beyond Learning: Notes towards the Critical Study of Educational Technology. Journal of computer Assisted Learnng 26 (1), 65-73).
Stake, R. E. (1994). Case studies. In N. K. Denzin, Y. S. Lincoln, N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 236-247). Thousand Oak, California, USA: SAGE.
Straub, D., Keil, M., & Brenner, W. (1997). Testing the Technology Acceptance Model across Cultures: A Three Country Study. Information & Management 33 (1), 1-11.
UCLG, Metropolis, & UN-Habitat. (2020). Digital Technologies and the COVID19 pandemic . Amsterdam, NL: [email protected].
UN Bulletin. (2020, April 15). Digital technologies critical in facing COVID-19 pandemic. Retrieved from United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs: https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/policy/digital-technologies-critical-in-facing-covid-19-pandemic.html
UNESCO. (2020). Learning in the COVID-19 era. Education Series. Paris, France: UNESCO. Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/news/learning-covid-19-era
WHO. (2020). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 16 March 2020. Washington, DC: World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---16-march-2020
Zhao, Y., & Frank, K. A. (2003). Factors affecting technology uses in schools: ecological perspective. American Educational Research Journal 40 (4), 807-840.