Abstract
In line with the growing incursion/adoption of social media into teaching and learning, this study was conducted to understand continuing education learners’ psycho-social characteristics and their influence on their social media. A quantitative research design approach using an online Google form with 388 participants was adopted. Descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA were used. Results revealed that the students mostly used Facebook as their major social media platform for connecting with friends and family along with WhatsApp, Twitter, and Instagram. In addition, the study revealed that learners with higher self-concept and socioeconomic status are more inclined to social media usage among CELs. It is believed that the knowledge of psychosocial characteristics of CELs on their usage of social media will inform a bespoke and purposeful curriculum planning, design and implementation that optimizes the achievement of the learning objectives for different classes of the students based on their psycho-social differences.
Abstrak
Sejalan dengan semakin maraknya penggunaan/adopsi media sosial ke dalam proses belajar mengajar, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami karakteristik psiko-sosial peserta didik pendidikan lanjutan dan pengaruhnya terhadap media sosial mereka. Pendekatan desain penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan formulir Google online dengan 388 peserta diadopsi. Statistik deskriptif, uji-t dan ANOVA digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa menggunakan Facebook sebagai platform media sosial utama mereka untuk terhubung dengan teman dan keluarga bersama dengan WhatsApp, Twitter, dan Instagram. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pelajar dengan konsep diri dan status sosial ekonomi yang lebih tinggi lebih cenderung menggunakan media sosial di kalangan CEL. Diyakini bahwa pengetahuan tentang karakteristik psikososial CELs dalam penggunaan media sosial mereka akan menginformasikan perencanaan, desain, dan implementasi kurikulum yang dipesan lebih dahulu dan bertujuan yang mengoptimalkan pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran untuk kelas siswa yang berbeda berdasarkan perbedaan psiko-sosial mereka.
References
Aduba, D. E., & Mayowa-Adebara, O. (2020). Online Platforms Used for Teaching and Learning during the COVID-19 Era: The Case of LIS Students in Delta State University, Abraka. International Information and Library Review, 0(0), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2020.1869903
Agbo, F. J., Olawumi, O., Oyelere, S. S., Kolog, E. A., Olaleye, S. A., Agjei, R. O., ... &Olawuni, A. (2020). Social Media Usage for Computing Education: The Effect of Tie Strength and Group Communication on Perceived Learning Outcome. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 16(1), 5-26.
Alber, J. M., Bernhardt, J. M., Stellefson, M., Weiler, R. M., Anderson-Lewis, C., Miller, M. D., & MacInnes, J. (2015). Designing and testing an inventory for measuring social media competency of certified health education specialists. Journal of Medical Internet Research 17(9), e221 DOI: 10.1002/da.22466
Alonge, S. K. (2020). Developing alternative teaching continuity plans to move classrooms online at COVID-19 era in Nigeria. In A. O. Ekong, S. M. Usen, & E. N. Essien (Eds.), Benchmark Journals.com (Vol. 00, Issue August 2020, pp. 1–9).
Altam, S. (2020). Influence of social media on EFL Yemeni Learners in Indian Universities During Covid-19 Pandemic. Linguistics and Culture Review, 4(1), 35–47.
Apuke, O. D., & Omar, B. (2020). Fake news and COVID-19: modelling the predictors of fake news sharing among social media users. Telematics and Informatics, 101475.
Baltar, F., Brunet, I., (2012). Social research 2.0: Virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook.Internet Research 22 (1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/ 10662241211199960.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). New York: Academic Press. (Reprinted in H. Friedman[Ed.], Encyclopedia of mental health. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998).
Bennett, S. (2013). 54% of young adults prefer smartphones for social media (and 29% use Twitter) [Study] http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/young-adults twitter_b48307. [Accessed 15th July 2019].
Boateng, R. O. & Amankwaa, A. (2016). “The impact of social media on student academic life in higher education”. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: G Linguistics and Education, 16(4), 1-8.
Bong, M., & Clark, R. E. (1999). Comparison between self-concept and self-efficacy in academic motivation research. Educational Psychologist, 34(3), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3403_1
Busari, A.O., Olawumi I.A. (2019). Influence of Social Media, Self-Esteem and Emotional Instability on Socio-Emotional Adjustment of Fresh Undergraduates of University of Ibadan. Open Access Journal Neurology & Neurosurgery, 11(1), 1-9: DOI: 10.19080/OAJNN.2019.11.555801.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Dabbagh, N.& Kitsantas, A. (2012). Personal Learning Environments, Social Media, and Self-Regulated Learning: A Natural Formula for Connecting Formal and Informal Learning. Internet and Higher Education, 15, 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.06.002
David, M. E., Roberts, J. A., & Christenson, B. (2017). Too much of a good thing: investigating the association between actual smartphone use and individual well-being. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 34(3), 265–275. doi:10.1080/10447318.2017.134925
Desjarlais, M., & Willoughby, T. (2010). A longitudinal study of the relation between adolescent boys and girls’ computer use with friends and friendship quality: Support for the social compensation or the rich-get-richer hypothesis? Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 896-905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.02.004
Dyson, B., Vickers, K., Turtle, J., Cowan, S. & Tassone, A. (2015). Evaluating the Use of Facebook to Increase Student Engagement and Understanding in Lecture-Based Classes. Higher Education: The International Journal of Higher Education and Educational Planning, 69(2), 303-313. Retrieved October 12, 2020 from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/159411/.
Dube, J. (2012) Why smartphones are the future of social networking http://www.forbes.com/sites/jondube/2012/05/08/why-smartphones-are-the-future-of-social-networking// [Accessed 15th July 2019]
Egenti, M.N. & Omoruyi, F. E.O. (2011). Challenges of women participation in continuing higher education programme: Implications for adult women counseling and education. Edo Journal of Counselling, 4(1&2), 130-143
Egunyomi, D. A. (2009). Strengthening the delivery of continuing education in Oyo State. International Journal of Educational Issues, 4(1), 1-6
Fowler, F.J. (2008). Survey research methods: Applied social research methods. SAGE Publications.
Forgays, D. K., Hyman, I., & Schreiber, J. (2014). Texting everywhere for everything: Gender and age differences in cell phone etiquette and use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.053
Froment, F., García González, A. J., & Bohórquez Gómez-Millán, M. R. (2017). The Use of Social Networks as a Communication Tool between Teachers and Students: A Literature Review. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 16(4), 126–144. https://idus.us.es/xmlui/handle/11441/65866
Gillin, P. (2009). The new influencers: A marketer’s guide to the new social media. Fresno,
Grande, S. (2015). Factors that influence use of social media among older adults. Thesis in Master of Science in Gerontology submitted to California State University, Long Beach
Habeeb, K.T. (2017). An analysis of self-concept in middle adolescents. Scholarly Research Journal for Inter-disciplinary Studies, 4(37),8883-8889.
Heim, J., Brandtzæg, P. B., Kaare, B. H., Endestad, T., & Torgersen, L. (2007). Children’s usage of media technologies and psychosocial factors. New Media & Society, 9(3), 425–454. doi:10.1177/1461444807076971
Hinton, P., Brownlow, C., McMurvay, I., & Cozens, B. (2004). SPSS explained, East Sussex, England: Routledge Inc
Hocevar, K.P., Flanagin, A.J. & Metzger, M.J. (2014). Social media self-efficacy and information evaluation online. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 254-262.
Hussain, M.S., Alhasan, A.U. & Kamba, I.N. (2013). Continuing education in Nigeria (meaning, objectives, forms and prospects). European Scientific Journal, 9(10), 168-175
Ibidapo, F. (2016). Examining the impact of social media on Nigeria. youth-http://www.peoplesdailyng.com/examining-the-impact-of-social-media-on-nigeria-youth (Accessed 13 July, 2019)
Jan, M. Soomro, S.A. & Ahmad, N. (2017). Impact of social media on self-esteem. European Scientific Journal, 13(23), 329-341. doi: 10.19044/esj.2017.v13n23p329
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York: New York University Press.
Kazeem, Y. (2016) More people use Facebook in Nigeria than anywhere else in Africa http://qz.com/611516/more-people-use-facebook-in-nigeria-than-anywhere-else-in-africa/ [Accessed 12th April 2019]
Khan, A.S. Rahman, A. & Qazi, L.T. (2016). The relationship between internet usage, socioeconomic status, subjective health and social status. Business & Economic Review, 8, 67- 82 DOI: dx.doi.org/10.22547/BER/8.SE.5
Kroeger, A. (1983). Anthropological and socio-medical health care research in developing countries. Social Science and Medicine, 17(3), 147–161.
Kumar, V., & Nanda, P. (2020). Social media as a tool in higher education: a pedagogical perspective. In Handbook of research on diverse teaching strategies for the technology-rich classroom (pp. 239-253). IGI Global.
Lin, L.Y., Sidani, J.E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J.B., Hoffman, B.L., Giles, L.M., & Primack, B.A. (2016). Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults. Depression and Anxiety, 33(4), 323-331
Lorence, D., Park, H., & Fox, S. (2006). Assessing health consumerism on the web: A demographic profile for information-seeking behaviors. Journal of Medical Systems, 30(4), 251–258.
Oche M.O., Gana, G.J., Yahaya, M., Khalid,I., Ladan, M. & Sambo, A. (2019). Prevalence and effect of social media on sleep among students of higher institutions in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto state Nigeria. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 9(6), 279-735
O’Dea, S. (2021) Share of Mobile Operating Systems in Africa 2018-2021, by Month. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1045247/share-of-mobile-operating-systems-in-africa-by-month
Ohannessian, C.M. (2014). Longitudinal examination of the relationship between media use and self-competence during adolescence. Journal of Youth Development, 9(1), 1-14
Okoli, H.N. (2020). Perceived dichotomy between degree and HND holders in Nigeria: The Nigerian civil service as a case study. https://www.author-me.com › nonfiction › perceived
Osazee-Odia, O.U. (2017). Investigating the influence of social media on sociability: A study of university students in Nigeria. International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies,3(1), 1-23
Othman, W.R.W.; Z. F.M. Apandi & Ngah, N.H. (2016). The uses of social media on student communication and self-concepts among TATIUC students. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(17),1-8 DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i17/88730
Oyeboade, J. A. (2017). Socio-economic status, peer pressure and use of social media by undergraduate students in University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 1-25. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1495
Pew Research Center (2015). Social Media Update 2014. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2019/04/11/social-media-update-2014/
Pew Research Centre (2017). Which social media platforms are most popular? Internet, Science & Research, 17(9), 221–221. Tech. Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/social-media
Robson, P.J. (1988). Self-esteem-A psychiatric view. British Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 6-15.
Rosen, L. D., Whaling, K., Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., &Rokkum, J. (2013). The Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale: An empirical investigation. Computers in Human Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.006
Sadler, G.R., Lee, H.-C., Lim, R.S.-H., Fullerton, J., 2010. Research Article: Recruitment of hard-to-reach population subgroups via adaptations of the snowball sampling strategy. Nursing & Health Sciences 12 (3), 369–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00541.x
Sari, T.H., Siswadi, G.P. & Sriat, A. (2018). Use of Social Media with Self-Concept and Social Adjustment of Adolescents at SMPN 2 Singingi Hilir Riau. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 6(2), 45-52.
Statista. (2017). Number of social network users worldwide from 2010 to 2018 (in billions). Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/278414/number-of-worldwidesocial-network-users/
Statista. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks- ranked-by-number-of-users/
Statista. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/46718/forecast-of-smartphone- users-in-Nigeria.
Subair, S.T., Adebola, S.T & Yahya, D.O. (2019). Social media: Usage and influence on undergraduate studies in Nigerian universities. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 15(3), 53-62
Sudiapermana, E., &Muslikhah. (2020). The Challenges of Online Learning in Covid-19 Pandemic Era. 510(Icosaps), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201219.011
Utunen, H., George, R., Ndiaye, N., Attias, M., &Piroux, C. (2020). education sciences Responding to Global Learning Needs during a Pandemic: An Analysis of the Trends in Platform Use and Incidence of COVID-19.
Yang, C. & Brown, B. B. (2015). Factors involved in associations between Facebook use and college adjustment: Social competence, perceived usefulness, and use patterns. Computers in Human Behavior, 46-245-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.015
Yunusa, A. A., Sanusi, I. T., Dada, A. O., Oyelere, S. S., & Joseph Friday Agbo. (2021). Disruptions of Academic Activities in Nigeria: University Lecturers’ Perceptions and Responses to the COVID-19. 2020XV Con-ferenciaLatinoamericana de Technologias de Aprendizaje, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/laclo50806.2020.9381174.
Zhu, S., Yang, H.H., Xu, S. & MacLeod, J. (2018). Understanding social media competence in higher education: Development and validation of an instrument. Journal of Educational Computing, 0(0), 1-21. DOI: 10.1177/0735633118820631.
Zickuhr, K. & Madden, M. (2012). Older adults and internet use. Pew Research Centre’s Internet & American Life