The Establishment of a Terrorist Prison: Insights from Indonesian Prison Officers’ Perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v9i2.3481Keywords:
Indonesian Penal Policy, Specialist Terrorist Prison, Prison Officer Perspectives, Community Safety and SecurityAbstract
The increasing number of ‘terrorist prisoners’ in Indonesia has resulted in the establishment of a separate penal institution. This development is novel to Indonesian secure settings, and the perceptions of prison officers’ who work in these specialist prisons offer distinct practical insights into the efficacy of these correctional facilities. The present study provides innovative findings by exploring, for the first time, the perspectives of Indonesian prison officers working in specialist prisons for terrorist prisoners in Indonesia. This study conducted focus groups with Indonesian prison officers in Cipinang, Pasir Putih Nusakambangan, and Surabaya prisons. A qualitative content analysis was deployed that identified several themes for future policy decisions. These included, the establishment and ongoing administration of a special prison;, the need to improve data collection of terrorist inmates; the importance of partnerships with key stakeholders, and the centrality of review mechanisms to ensure that processes for prisoner selection, management, and release are optimised and enhanced to ensure future community safety and security.
Downloads
References
Agastia, I. Gusti Bagus Dharma, Anak Agung Banyu Perwita, and D. B. Subedi. “Countering Violent Extremism through State-Society Partnerships: A Case Study of de-Radicalisation Programmes in Indonesia.” Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 15, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2020.1722317.
Altier, Mary Beth. “Criminal or Terrorist? Fear, Bias, and Public Support for Prisoner Reentry Programs.” Terrorism and Political Violence 35, no. 1 (2023): 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2020.1866556.
Andrie, Taufik. Kehidupan Di Balik Jeruji: Terorisme Dan Kehidupan Penjara Di Indonesia. Institute for International Peace Building Position Paper. Jakarta: Institute for International Peace Building., 2011.
Bakti, Agus Surya. Darurat Terrorisme: Kebijakan Pencegahan, Perlindungan Deradikalisasi. Jakarta: Daulat Press, 2014.
Barbour, R. Introducing Qualitative Research. London: Sage, 2008.
Basra, Rajan, and Peter R Neumann. Prisons and Terrorism: Extremist Offender Management in 10 European Countries. London: ICSR King’s College London, 2020.
Braddock, Kurt. “Rehabilitation of Jihadi Terrorists: Current Understanding and Perspectives.” The Handbook of Collective Violence: Current Developments and Understanding, January 1, 2020, 162–71. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429197420-15.
Braun, Virginia, and Victoria Clarke. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3, no. 2 (2006): 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
Brinkmann, Svend. Qualitative Interviewing. New York: Oxford University Press, USA, 2013.
Clemmow, Caitlin, Noémie Bouhana, and Paul Gill. “Analyzing Person‐exposure Patterns in Lone‐actor Terrorism: Implications for Threat Assessment and Intelligence Gathering.” Criminology & Public Policy 19, no. 2 (2020): 451–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12466.
Dianti, Tria. “33 Narapidana Terorisme Bebas Bulan Agustus 2018.” BenarNews Indonesia, 2018. https://www.benarnews.org/indonesian/berita/napi-terorisme-terima-remisi-agustus-08312018111453.html.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Terakhir Jumlah Khusus Penghuni Perkanwil.” Jakarta, 2011.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Terakhir Jumlah Khusus Penghuni Perkanwil.” Jakarta, 2012.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Terakhir Jumlah Khusus Penghuni Perkanwil.” Jakarta, 2013.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Terakhir Jumlah Khusus Penghuni Perkanwil.” Jakarta, 2014.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Terakhir Jumlah Khusus Penghuni Perkanwil.” Jakarta, 2015.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Terakhir Jumlah Khusus Penghuni Perkanwil.” Jakarta, 2016.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Terakhir Jumlah Khusus Penghuni Perkanwil.” Jakarta, 2017.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Terakhir Jumlah Khusus Penghuni Perkanwil.” Jakarta, 2018.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Warehouse Penghuni Lapas Berdasarkan Kategori Tindak Pidana Khusus (Terorisme).” Jakarta, 2019.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Warehouse Penghuni Lapas Berdasarkan Kategori Tindak Pidana Khusus (Terorisme).” Jakarta, 2020.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Warehouse Penghuni Lapas Berdasarkan Kategori Tindak Pidana Khusus (Terorisme).” Jakarta, 2021.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Warehouse Penghuni Lapas Berdasarkan Kategori Tindak Pidana Khusus (Terorisme).” Jakarta, 2022.
Ditjenpas RI. “Data Warehouse Penghuni Lapas Berdasarkan Kategori Tindak Pidana Khusus (Terorisme).” Jakarta, 2023.
Ditjenpas RI. “Lapas Khusus Deradikalisasi Sentul Mulai Beroperasi.” Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI, November 22, 2017. http://www.ditjenpas.go.id/januari-2017-lapas-khusus-deradikallisasi-sentul-mulai-beroprasi/.
Dudenhoefer, Anne-Lynn, Charlotte Niesse, Thomas Görgen, Laura Tampe, Marcella Megler, Christina Gröpler, and Rebecca Bondü. “Leaking in Terrorist Attacks: A Review.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 58 (2021): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.101582.
Dugas, Michelle, and Arie W Kruglanski. “The Quest for Significance Model of Radicalization: Implications for the Management of Terrorist Detainees.” Behavioral Sciences & the Law 32, no. 3 (2014): 423–39.
Editor. “Baasyir Direkomendasikan Masuk Pusat Deradikalisasi.” Koran Tempo, January 21, 2014. https://koran.tempo.co/read/nasional/332823/baasyir-direkomendasikan-masuk-pusat-deradikalisasi.
El-Said, Hamed. De-Radicalising Islamists: Programmes and Their Impact in Muslim Majority States. London: ICSR King’s College London, 2012.
Hassan, Muhammad Haniff, and Nur Azlin Mohamed Yasin. “Indonesian Prisons: A Think Tank for Terrorists.” Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses 4, no. 8 (2012): 10–15. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26351080.
Hill, Gary. Prevention of Radicalization to Terrorism N Prisons: A Practical Guide. The Hague: International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT), 2020. https://www.icct.nl/sites/default/files/2023-01/Chapter-8-Handbook_1.pdf.
ICG. “Deradicalisation” and Indonesian Prisons. Jakarta: International Crisis Group, 2007.
Ikhsan, Afdhalul, and Aprillia Ika. “Bahar Bin Smith Masuk Sel Khusus Teroris, Puluhan Orang Protes Di Depan Lapas Halaman.” Kompas, May 19, 2020. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/05/19/23115061/bahar-bin-smith-masuk-sel-khusus-teroris-puluhan-orang-protes-di-depan-lapas?page=all.
Indrawan, Jerry, and M. Prakoso Aji. “Efektivitas Program Deradikalisasi Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme Terhadap Narapidana Terorisme di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara 9, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v9i2.561.
IRIN News. “‘Deradicalization’ - Is Indonesia’s Approach Working?” United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, October 15, 2012. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/analysis/2012/10/15/%E2%80%9Cderadicalization%E2%80%9D-indonesia%E2%80%99s-approach-working.
Jones, Clarke R. “Are Prisons Really Schools for Terrorism? Challenging the Rhetoric on Prison Radicalization.” Punishment and Society 16, no. 1 (2014): 74–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474513506482.
Liamputtong, Pranee. Focus Group Methodology: Principle and Practice. Focus Group Methodology. London: Sage Publication., 2011.
Manoharan, N., Drorima Chatterjee, and Dhruv Ashok. “The New ‘Other’: Islamic Radicalisation and De-Radicalisation in Sri Lanka.” India Quarterly 77, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 605–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/09749284211047723.
Morgan, David L. Focus Groups as Qualitative Research. Vol. 16. London: Sage publications, 1996.
Neumann, Peter R. Prisons and Terrorism: Radicalisation and de-Radicalisation in 15 Countries. London: ICSR, King’s College London, 2010.
Neumann, Peter R, and Rajan Basra. “Criminal Pasts, Terrorist Futures? Jihadist Recruits in Western Europe.” In The Nexus Between Organized Crime and Terrorism, 86–102. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022.
Putra, I Gusti Agung Bagus Angga. “Lapas Menjadi Tempat Penyebaran Radikalisme.” Kompas, November 15, 2019. https://www.kompas.id/baca/utama/2019/11/15/lapas-menjadi-tempat-penyebaran-radikalisme.
Rinaldi, Kasmanto, and Rio Tutrianto. “Indonesian Terrorism Prisoners’ Treatment: A Case Study at Nusakambangan Class IIA Correctional Institution.” Al-A’raf : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Filsafat 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 63–88. https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpif.v20i1.6417.
Rubin, Jennifer, Greg Hannah, and Lindsay Clutterbuck. “Radicalization or Rehabilitation: Understanding the Challenge of Extremist and Radicalized Prisoners.” California: RAND Corporation, 2008. https://coilink.org/20.500.12592/fdfzh2%20on%2031%20Aug%202024.%20COI:%2020.500.12592/fdfzh2.
Seale, C. The Qualitative Research. London: Sage, 1999.
Sholih, Mufti. “Aman Abdurrahman, Ideolog Teroris Yang Salahkan Bom Surabaya.” Tirto, May 30, 2018. https://tirto.id/aman-abdurrahman-ideolog-teroris-yang-salahkan-bom-surabaya-cLnP.
Silke, Andrew. “Terrorists, Extremists and Prison: An Introduction to the Critical Issues.” In Prisons, Terrorism, and Extremism: Critical Issues in Management, Radicalisation and Reform, 3–15. London: Routledge, 2014.
Suarda, I Gede Widhiana. “A Literature Review on Indonesia’s Deradicalization Program for Terrorist Prisoners.” Mimbar Hukum 28, no. 3 (2016): 526–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16682.
Suarda, I Gede Widhiana. “Challenges of Implementing Deradicalisation Programs for Terrorist Prisoners: An Examination of Indonesian Prison Officers’ Experiences.” International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 15, no. 2 (2020): 173–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830309.
Suarda, I Gede Widhiana, Navin Kumar, Ainul Azizah, Vicko Taniady, and Shofi Munawwir. “Unprocedural Designation of the Papuan Armed Criminal Groups as Terrorist Groups.” International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 18, no. 2 (2023): 334–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4756322/IJCJS.
Ungerer, Carl. “Jihadists in Jail: Radicalisation and the Indonesian Prison Experience,” 2011.
Widya, Bella, Muhamad Syauqillah, and Sri Yunanto. “The Involvement of Ex-Terrorist Inmates and Combatants in the Disengagement From Violence Strategy in Indonesia.” Journal of Terrorism Studies 2, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.7454/jts.v2i2.1022.
Wilkinson, Matthew L.N., and Muzammil Quraishi. “Defining and Illustrating ‘Extremism’ Using the Largest Investigation into Islam in Prison.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 47, no. 1 (2024): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2023.2247620.
Wilkinson, Sue. “Analysing Focus Group Data.” In Qualitative Research, 3:168–84. London: Sage Publication, 2011.
Yuliyanto, Yuliyanto, Donny Michael, and Penny Naluria Utami. “Deradikalisasi Narapidana Teroris Melalui Individual Treatment.” Jurnal HAM 12, no. 2 (August 26, 2021): 193–208. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2021.12.193-208.
Downloads
Published
Article ID
3481Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 I Gede Widhiana Suarda, Prof. Reece Walters, Zaki Priambudi (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All writings published in this journal are the personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions. Author(s) retain copyrights under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).
