Criminal Acts of Corruption by State Officials in Procurement of Goods and Services: Study of the Role of Justice Collaborators and Whistleblowers in the Age of Technology

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v10i2.8341

Keywords:

Corruption, Justice Collaborator, State Organizer, Procurement

Abstract

This study aims to determine and analyze the role of justice collaborators and whistleblowers in corruption in the procurement of goods and services carried out by state administrators and to determine the forms of corruption that occur in the procurement of goods/services. The research method used is normative legal research through a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study found several problems, namely; There is a need for unification of perceptions and synchronization of regulations that apply to law enforcement officers in understanding aspects of witness protection related to legal collaborators and violation reporters. The most common forms of deviation in the government procurement of goods/services that can lead to corruption are: bribery, job combination, separation of duties, collusion between partners providing goods/services and procurement implementers, document falsification, waste of money. region/country, reducing the quantity and/or quality of coral/gauze, incorrectly determining the type of procurement contract for goods/services, contracts without available budget, setting their own estimated price that is too high.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Achmad, Farhan Fauzie, and Taun Taun. "Peran Justice Collaborator dalam Pengungkapan Kasus Pidana di Indonesia." Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling 4, no. 5 (2022): 7950-7958.

Adhi, Surya, Ridwan Arifin, and Tajudeen Sani. "From Administrative Irregularities to Criminal Acts: Uncovering Corruption in State Procurement Systems." PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 6, no. 2 (2025): 137-167.

Afif, Fahmi Ardian. "Kinerja Layanan Pengadaan Secara Elektronik (LPSE) Kota Surakarta dalam Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Melalui Sistem E-Procurement." Thesis. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2012.

Akmal, Jamaludin. “Temuan KPK, 21 Persen Korupsi Didominasi Sektor Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa”, Republik Merdeka Online, March 21, 2023. Retrieved from https://rmol.id/hukum/read/2023/03/21/567892/temuan-kpk-21-persen-korupsi-didominasi-sektor-pengadaan-barang-dan-jasa.

Al Hariz, Austin, Hibnu Nugroho, and Ridwan Ridwan. "Reconstruction of Legal Protection for Civil Servants as Whistleblowers in Eradicating Corruption Crimes in Indonesia." Journal of Law and Legal Reform 5, no. 3 (2024): 1185-1226.

Ali, Mahrus, Andi Muliyono, and Syarif Nurhidayat. "The application of a human rights approach toward crimes of corruption: analyzing anti-corruption regulations and judicial decisions." Laws 12, no. 4 (2023): 68.

Amiruddin, Amiruddin. "Analisis Pola Pemberantasan Korupsi dalam Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah." Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia 8, no. 1 (2012).

Anam, Muhammad Faiq Zuhrul, and Shofriya Qonitatin Abidah. "Role of Justice Collaborators in Uncovering Terrorist Networks: Effectiveness Analysis in Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System." Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security 4, no. 1 (2025): 125-160.

Arifin, Taufiq, et al. "Local governance and corruption: Evidence from Indonesia." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 4 (2015): 194-199.

Ariyanti, Dwi Oktafia, and Nita Ariyani. "Model Pelindungan Hukum Terhadap Justice Collaborator Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 27, no. 2 (2020): 328-344.

Armeta, Zhelin, Nashriana Nashriana, and Suci Flambonita, “Penerapan Justice Collaborator dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Korupsi Oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi”, Thesis. Palembang: Universitas Sriwijaya, 2021.

Azzahra, Ardiva Naufaliz. "Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Justice Collaborator dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Menurut UU Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban." Verstek 10, no. 1 (2022): 1-9.

Bahar, Muhamad Ghifari Fardhana, Sendy Pratama Firdaus, and Hanny Hilmia Fairuza. "Paradigm of Recodification of Corruption in Criminal Code Against its Designation as Extraordinary Crime." Arena Hukum 17, no. 3 (2024): 694-713.

Beridiansyah, Beridiansyah. "Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Guna Mencegah Tindak Pidana Korupsi." Integritas: Jurnal Antikorupsi 3, no. 2 (2017): 79-104.

Burhanudin, Burhanudin. "Corruption as a Corporate Crime." Jurnal Cita Hukum 1, no. 1 (2013): 75-84.

Dena Aji et al., “Analysis of Justice Collaborator as a Factor Mitigating Richard Eliezer's Criminal Sanctions”, Journal of Early Childhood Education 1, No. 2 (2023): 108.

Dhurotun Muniroh, Siti, and Ubaidillah Kamal. "The Indication of Unfair Business Competition Practice in the Implementation of Public Procurement Auction Using E-Tendering." Journal of Private and Commercial Law 2, no. 2 (2018): 78-93.

Djasri, Hanevi, Puti Aulia Rahma, and Eva Tirtabayu Hasri. "Korupsi dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan di Era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional: Kajian Besarnya Potensi dan Sistem Pengendalian Fraud." Integritas: Jurnal Antikorupsi 2, no. 1 (2016): 113-133.

Faharuddin, Rizal, and Jefferson Hakim. "Restorative Justice for Corruption Cases the Settlement of Corruption Cases: Is It Possible?." Yuridika 38, no. 1 (2023): 73-94.

Fitriyaningrum, Julyatika, and Ridwan Arifin. "The Regulatory Model for Eradication Corruption in Infrastructure Funding." Varia Justicia 15, no. 1 (2019): 36-42.

Gultom, Pardomuan. "Analisis Sosiologi Hukum Terhadap Kemungkinan dapat Diterapkannya Restorative Justice dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia (Sociological Analysis of Law on the Possibility of Implementing Restorative Justice in Corruption Crime Cases in Indonesia)." Jurnal Hukum dan Kemasyarakatan Al-Hikmah 3, no. 1 (2022): 154-178.

Gunawan, Tri Agus, and Sholihatul Hakim. “Measuring the Factor of the Criminal Action of Corruption (Case Study of Criminal Acts of Corruption in the Environment of Legislative Authority)”. Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies 4, no. 1 (2019): 41-50. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v4i1.36292

Habibi, Muhammad Mujtaba, and Sri Untari. "Efektivitas Pelaksanaan E-Procurement dalam Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 3, no. 2 (2018): 159-168.

Halawa, Notarius, et al. "Peran Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK) dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia." Jurnal Retentum 6, no. 1 (2024): 127-136.

Hamilton-Hart, Natasha. "Anti-corruption strategies in Indonesia." Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 37, no. 1 (2001): 65-82.

Harahap, Athika Salsabilla, and Mahrus Ali. “Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana tentang Perlindungan Hukum bagi Whistleblower dan Justice Collaborator”. Proceedings, Seminar Nasional Hukum Perdata Industry Financial Technology Peer to Peer Lending di Indonesia: Kini dan Nanti, June 2021, Universitas Islam Indonesia, pp. 103-120. Available online at https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/35490

Hertanto, Rizki Dharma, Ahmad Aldi Wijaya, and Hanim Noor. “Legal Protection for Whistleblowers: A Review of Court Practices and Regulatory Gaps”. Indonesian Court and Justice Review 1, no. 2 (2024).

Hikmawati, Puteri. "Upaya Perlindungan Whistleblower dan Justice Collaborator dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi." Negara Hukum: Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan 4, no. 1 (2016): 87-104.

Indraswara, Dede, Ali Masyhar Mursyid, and Cahya Wulandari. "Corporate Criminal Liability of Corruption Criminal Actions PT. Sinarmas Asset Management: Study of Supreme Court Ruling Number 1228 K/Pid. Sus/2023." The Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence 5, no. 2 (2024): 137-184.

Isra, Saldi, Feri Amsari, and Hilaire Tegnan. "Obstruction of justice in the effort to eradicate corruption in Indonesia." International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 51 (2017): 72-83.

Jhody, Puguh Setyawan Setyawan. "The Discourse of Granting the Rights of Prisoners in Indonesia: The Legal Political Issue and Future Challenges." Journal of Law and Legal Reform 3, no. 3 (2022): 267-294.

Lubis, Muhammad Iqbal, et al. "Pelindungan Hukum Terhadap Justice Collaborator Dalam Hukum Pidana di Indonesia: Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 2223K/Pid. Sus/2012." USU Law Journal 7, no. 3 (2019): 57-64.

Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2005.

Mulyadi, Lilik. "Menggagas Konsep dan Model Ideal Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Whistleblower dan Justice Collaborator dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Organized Crime di Indonesia Masa Mendatang." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 3, no. 2 (2014): 101-116.

Mulyadi, Lilik. "Perlindungan Hukum Whistleblower dan Justice Collaborator dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Organized Crime di Indonesia Masa Mendatang." Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 1, no. 3 (2014): 578-597.

Muñoz, Francisco, and Miguel Ángel Ramos. “Substantive Justice in the Case of Corruption in Brazil: The Lava Jato Process and its Legal and Social Implications [La Justicia Sustantiva en el Caso de la Corrupción en Brasil: El Proceso Lava Jato y sus Implicaciones Jurídicas y Sociales],” Crítica De La Justicia Sustantiva 1, no. 1 (2025). Retrieved from https://publications.socipol.org/index.php/cjs/article/view/5.

Nixson, Nixson, et al. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Whistleblower dan Justice Collaborator dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi." USU Law Journal 1, no. 2 (2013): 40-56.

Novindrastuti, Ana, Suartini Suartini, and Yusup Hidayat. "Kajian Hukum Tentang E-Tendering dalam Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Konstruksi." Binamulia Hukum 13, no. 2 (2024): 447-459.

Nugroho, Edi. "Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dalam Rangka Memberantas Tindak Pidana Korupsi Secara Elektronik." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 14, no. 3 (2014): 539-546.

Nugroho, Khrisna Lintang Satrio. "Criminal Law Policy of Justice Collaborator in Corruption Crime Case." Law Reform 17, no. 1 (2021): 24-35.

Prakasa, Satria Unggul Wicaksana. "Forestry Sector Corruption and Oligarchy: Lesson Learn from the Laman Kinipan Indigenous People, Central Kalimantan." Unnes Law Journal 8, no. 1 (2022): 87-104.

Prakasa, Satria Unggul Wicaksana. "Reconceptualizing Corruption as an International Crime: A Review of International Law." Lampung Journal of International Law 6, no. 2 (2024): 55-68.

Pratama, Bagus Diyan, and Budiarsih Budiarsih. "Analisis Kebijakan Kedudukan Justice Collaborator dan Whistleblower dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi." Bureaucracy Journal: Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance 3, no. 1 (2023): 313-327.

Pujiani, Resty Shelya. "Cooperating on Law Enforcement: A Book Review “Perlindungan Hukum Justice Collaborator dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia: Studi Perkara Tindak Pidana Narkotika”, Dr. Rahman Amin, SH, MH, Yogyakarta, Deepublish, 306 Pages, ISBN: 9786230216886." Lex Scientia Law Review 6, no. 1 (2022): 219-221.

Puluhulawa, Mohamad Danial, Fenty U. Puluhulawa, and Dian Ekawaty Ismail. "Anotasi Perlindungan Hukum Wistleblower dan Justice Collaborator dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi." Al Ahkam 16, no. 2 (2020): 56-74.

Puspito, Nanang T., Marcella Elwina S., Indah Sri Utari, and Yusuf Kurniadi (eds). Pendidikan Anti Korupsi untuk Perguruan Tinggi. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI, 2011.

Rahimah, Rahimah. “Analisis Tindak Pidana Korupsi dalam Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa oleh Pemerintah (Kasus Pengadaan Videotron; Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat Nomor: 36/PID.SUS/TPK/2014/PN.JKT.PST.)”. Reformasi Hukum 22, no. 2 (2018): 271-294.

Rahmat, Doni, Lukman Hakim, and Muhammad Zulfikar Putra Prawiranegara. "A Model of Legal Protection for Justice Collaborators and Whistleblowers in Corruption Crimes." Jurnal Supremasi 14, no. 2 (2024): 52-68.

Rasdi, Rasdi, et al. "When students fight corruption: A portrait of anti-corruption education for elementary school students." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 3, no. 1 (2021): 111-124.

Republic of Indonesia. Peraturan Bersama Menteri Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Jaksa Agung, Kapolri, KPK, Ketua LPSK Nomor M.HH-11.HM.03.02, PER-045/A/JA/12/2011, 1, KEP-B-02/01-55/12/2011, 4 Tahun 2011 [Joint Regulation between the Minister of Law and Human Rights, Attorney General, Chief of Police, KPK and Head of LPSK Number: M.HH11.HM.03.02. th. 2011 Number: PER-045/A/JA/12/2011, Number: 1 Year 2011, Number: KEPB02/01-55/12/2011, Number 4 Year 2011]. Available online at https://www.lpsk.go.id/peraturan/clrfrmld7000d1448ntjzrpf7

Republic of Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 43 Tahun 2018 tentang Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Peran Serta Masyarakat dan Pemberian Penghargaan dalam Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi [Government Regulation Number 43 of 2018 concerning Procedures for Implementing Community Participation and Awarding in the Prevention and Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption]. Available online at https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/94821/pp-no-43-tahun-2018

Rose-Ackerman, Susan, and Bonnie J. Palifka. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.

Rosidi, A. Korupsi dan Budaya. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 2006.

Setiadi, Wicipto. "Korupsi Di Indonesia." Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 15, no. 3 (2018): 249-262.

Suardi, Imelda, et al. "Procurement Governance in Reducing Corruption in the Indonesian Public Sector: A Mixed Method Approach." Cogent Business & Management 11, no. 1 (2024): 2393744.

Sudarti, Elly, and L. Sahuri. "The Sanction Formulation in Corruption Crime Due to Indonesian Criminal Law System to Realize the Punishment Goals." Ganesha Law Review 1, no. 2 (2019): 55-64.

Sumarno, Sumarno. "Urgensi UU Etika Penyelenggara Negara." KAIS Kajian Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 1 (2020): 1-15.

Suratno, Suratno. "Perlindungan Hukum Saksi dan Korban Sebagai Whistleblower dan Justice Collaborators Pada Pengungkapan Kasus Korupsi Berbasis Nilai Keadilan." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 4, no. 1 (2017): 130-139.

Syamsuddin, Ahmad Rustan. "Pembuktian Penyalahgunaan Wewenang dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa." Jambura Law Review 2, no. 2 (2020): 161-181.

Wardhani, Irine Ika, Arifa Pratami, and Ikbar Pratama. "E-Procurement sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Fraud terhadap Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa di Unit Layanan Pengadaan Provinsi Sumatera Utara." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis: Jurnal Program Studi Akuntansi 7, no. 2 (2021): 126-139.

Wibowo, Richo Andi. "Mencegah Korupsi Pengadaan Barang Jasa (Apa yang sudah dan yang masih harus dilakukan?)." Integritas: Jurnal Antikorupsi 1, no. 1 (2015): 37-60.

Yasmirah, Yasmirah, et al. "Criminal Acts of Corruption Procurement of Goods and Services of Local Governments Through Electronic Procurement Services (LPSE)." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (2021): 4678-4684.

Yogi Prabowo, Hendi. "To be corrupt or not to be corrupt: Understanding the behavioral side of corruption in Indonesia." Journal of Money Laundering Control 17, no. 3 (2014): 306-326.

Yunus, Ahmad. "Penetapan Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Sebagai Justice Collaborator." Simbur Cahaya 24, no. 2 (2017): 4756-4771.

Yunus, Nur Rohim, et al. "Corruption as an extra-ordinary crime: Elements and eradication efforts in Indonesia." Journal of Creativity Student 6, no. 2 (2021): 131-150.

Zaid, M., et al. "Reformulation of Justice Collaborator Protection Regulations in Corruption Cases: The Urgency for Legal Reform in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Crime and Criminal Justice 1, no. 3 (2025): 358-407.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-02

Article ID

8341

How to Cite

Criminal Acts of Corruption by State Officials in Procurement of Goods and Services: Study of the Role of Justice Collaborators and Whistleblowers in the Age of Technology. (2025). Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 10(2), 855-886. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v10i2.8341