Parental Digital Media Habits Correlated with Time Spent on Digital Media among Preschool Children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/jone.v10i1.1768Keywords:
Digital media, time spent, engagement parents, preschool childrenAbstract
Recently, the use of digital media has increased significantly. The role of parents is very important in the use of digital media for children. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between parental digital media and physical play habits with time spent on digital media by preschool children aged 2-6 years in Semarang City, Indonesia. The benefits of this research are as a reference for the use of digital media for parents in child care. The novelty of this research is an analysis of the use of digital media on children's physical activity. It was cross sectional study to 360 parents who had preschool children and voluntarily complete the validated online questionnaire. Data were collected using the Surveillance of digital-Media hAbits in earLy chiLdhood Questionnaire (SMALLQ®). We analyzed the data collected with Spearman test. The result showed that the time spent on digital media by parents positively correlated with time spent on digital media by children on weekday (p value<0.01) and on weekend (p value<0.01). Digital media engagement with children negatively correlated with time spent on digital media by children on weekday (p value: 0.03) and on weekend (p value: 0.02). However, physical play engagement with children do not correlate with time spent on digital media by children on weekday (p value: 0,71) and on weekend (p value: 0,35). Conclusion, time spent on digital media by parents and digital media engagement correlated with time spent on digital media by preschool children aged 2-6 years old.
References
AlShareef, S. M. (2022). The impact of bedtime technology use on sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in adults. Sleep Science (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 15(Spec 2), pp. 318–327. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20200128
Anggorowati, L., Desty, R. T., Fauzi, L., & Yuliyana, A. D. (2019). Implementing Learning from Home as a Determinant of Social Development Problems for Preschool Children. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 3(4), 625–634. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v18i2.32960
Arbarini, M., Rahmat, A., Ismaniar, Isa, A. H., & Siswanto, Y. (2022). Equivalency Education: Distance Learning and Its Impact in Indonesia. Journal of Nonformal Education, 8(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jne.v8i1.33932
Asl, S., & Manjuvani, E. (2019). Usage of electronic gadgets among preschool children. International Journal of Home Science, 5(2), 1–5.
Attai, P., Szabat, J., Anzman-Frasca, S., & Kong, K. L. (2020). Associations between Parental and Child Screen Time and Quality of the Home Environment: A Preliminary Investigation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176207
Barnett, T. A., & Kelly, A. S. (2018). Sedentary Behaviors in Today’s Youth : AHA Scientific Statement, 142–159. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000591
Binder, A., Naderer, B., & Matthes, J. (2019). Do children’s food choices go with the crowd? Effects of majority and minority peer cues in an audiovisual cartoon on children’s healthy food choice. Social Science & Medicine, 225, 42–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.032
Bozzola, E., Spina, G., Ruggiero, M., Memo, L., Agostiniani, R., Bozzola, M., Corsello, G., & Villani, A. (2018). Media devices in pre-school children: The recommendations of the Italian pediatric society. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 44(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-018-0508-7
Cheung, C. H. M., Bedford, R., Saez De Urabain, I. R., Karmiloff-Smith, A., & Smith, T. J. (2017). Daily touchscreen use in infants and toddlers is associated with reduced sleep and delayed sleep onset. Scientific Reports, 7(April), pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46104
Chia, M. Y. H., Tay, L. Y., & Chua, T. B. K. (2019). The development of an online surveillance of digital media use in early childhood questionnaire- SMALLQTM- For Singapore. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8(2), 77–80. https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.190910
Domoff, S. E., Sutherland, E., Yokum, S., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2021). The association of adolescents’ television viewing with Body Mass Index percentile, food addiction, and addictive phone use. Appetite, p. 157, 104990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104990
Durham, K., Wethmar, D., Brandstetter, S., Seelbach-Göbel, B., Apfelbacher, C., Melter, M., Kabesch, M., Kerzel, S., & Group, K. K. S. (2021). Digital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 737178. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737178
Ek, A., Sandborg, J., Delisle Nyström, C., Lindqvist, A.-K., Rutberg, S., & Löf, M. (2019). Physical Activity and Mobile Phone Apps in the Preschool Age: Perceptions of Teachers and Parents. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 7(4), e12512. https://doi.org/10.2196/12512
Fauziah, P. Y., Kusumawardani, E., Nopembri, S., Mulyawan, R., Susilowati, I. H., Nugraha, S., Alimoeso, S., Hasiholan, B. P., Fauzi, L., Cahyati, W. H., Rahayu, T., Chua, T. B. K., & Chia, M. Y. H. (2022). Play-Sleep Nexus in Indonesian Preschool Children before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710695
Goncalves, W. S. F., Byrne, R., Viana, M. T., & Trost, S. G. (2019). Parental influences on screen time and weight status among preschool children from Brazil: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0788-3
Greier, K., Drenowatz, C., Ruedl, G., & Riechelmann, H. (2019). Association between daily TV time and physical fitness in 6- to 14-year-old Austrian youth. Translational Pediatrics; Vol 8, No 5 (December 20, 2019): Translational Pediatrics. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2019.03.03
Hu, J., Ding, N., Yang, L., Ma, Y., Gao, M., & Wen, D. (2019). Association between television viewing and early childhood overweight and obesity: a pair-matched case-control study in China. BMC Pediatrics, 19(1), 184. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1557-9
Kaloeti, D. V. S., Ediati, A., Hanafi, S., Tahamata, V. M., Kurnia, A., & Manalu, R. (2021). The Digital Media Impact On The Well-Being Of Children: A Systematic Literature Review. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 10(2), 158–168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/ijeces.v10i2.46753
McGowan, A. L., Chandler, M. C., & Gerde, H. K. (2023). Infusing Physical Activity into Early Childhood Classrooms: Guidance for Best Practices. Early Childhood Education Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-023-01532-5
Mesce, M., Ragona, A., Cimino, S., & Cerniglia, L. (2022). The impact of media on children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review. Heliyon, 8(12), e12489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12489
Mustafaoğlu, R., Zirek, E., Yasacı, Z., & Razak Özdinçler, A. (2018). The Negative Effects of Digital Technology Usage on Children’s Development and Health. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2018.5.2.0051
Nikken, P., & Schols, M. (2015). How and Why Parents Guide the Media Use of Young Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3423–3435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0144-4
Nopembri, S., Mulyawan, R., Fauziah, P. Y., Kusumawardani, E., Susilowati, I. H., Fauzi, L., Cahyati, W. H., Rahayu, T., Chua, T. B. K., & Chia, M. Y. H. (2023). Time to Play in Javanese Preschool Children—An Examination of Screen Time and Playtime before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1659. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph20031659
Roberts, J. D., Rodkey, L., Ray, R., Knight, B., & Saelens, B. E. (2017). Electronic Media Time and Sedentary Behaviors in Children : Findings from The Built Environment and Active Play Study in The Washington DC area Electronic Media Time and Sedentary Behaviors in Children : Findings from The Built Environment and Active Play. Preventive Medicine Reports, 6(March), pp. 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.02.021
Russell, S. J., Croker, H., & Viner, R. M. (2019). The effect of screen advertising on children’s dietary intake: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 20(4), 554–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12812
Sigmundová, D., Badura, P., Sigmund, E., Bucksch, J., Sigmundová, D., Badura, P., Sigmund, E., & Bucksch, J. (2018). Weekday – Weekend Variations in Mother-/Father – Child Physical Activity and Screen Time Relationship : A Cross-Sectional Study in A Random Sample of Czech Families with 5- to 12-year-old Children. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(8), 1158–1167. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1474951
Shofwan, I., Sunardi, S., Gunarhadi, G., & Rahman, A.H. (2023). Entrepreneurship Education: Encouraging Entrepreneurial Intentions for Equality Education Students in Semarang. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.6.10
Siregar, E., Aswan, D., & Kustandi, C. (2023). Online Learning Design Digital Guide of Social Media for Teachers. Journal of Nonformal Education, 9(1), 69–76. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jne.v9i1.42092
Susilowati, I. H., Nugraha, S., Alimoeso, S., & Hasiholan, B. P. (2021). Screen time for preschool children: learning from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Global Pediatric Health, 8, 2333794X211017836. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794x211017836
Ufholz, K. E., Flack, K. D., & Roemmich, J. N. (2022). The influence of active video game play on physical and screen-based activities in sedentary children. PloS One, 17(6), e0269057. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269057
Wyszyńska, J., Matłosz, P., Szybisty, A., Lenik, P., Dereń, K., Mazur, A., & Herbert, J. (2020). Obesity and Body Composition in Preschool Children with Different Levels of Actigraphy-Derived Physical Activity-A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041210
Yusriani, & Septiyanti. (2021). The Impact of Community Health Education Media in the Industrialization Era on the Diet of High-Risk Pregnant Women. Journal of Nonformal Education, 7(2), 259–267. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jne.v7i2.31793
Downloads
Article ID
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Nonformal Education
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
