Development of STEAM-based Teaching Materials in Problem Based Learning Model to Improve Mathematical Reasoning

Abstract

Mathematical reasoning is an important ability in using concepts and logic based on existing rules to solve various problems by making logical and accountable conclusions. However, based on a preliminary study by giving test questions to students, it was found that students' mathematical reasoning is still relatively low. This study was a development research that aims to develop and determine the quality of teaching materials based on Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) in a problem-based learning model seen from the suitability of feasible characteristics consisting of valid, practical, and effective. This research was conducted using the Research and Development (R&D) stage with a modified 4-D model and implemented at SMP Negeri 2 Geyer in 2023. The data collection techniques used were tests and questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that the teaching materials have met the eligibility criteria. The validity results show a percentage of 90.1% with very valid criteria. Meanwhile, the practicality results obtained a teacher response of 95% and a student response of 85.2% which indicates very practical results. The results of the pretest and posttest analysis show that the teaching materials are effective in improving mathematical reasoning, where the teaching materials can help students achieve the minimum completeness criteria both individually and classically, and there is an increase in students' mathematical reasoning with an N-Gain value of 0.24. Therefore, Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)-based teaching materials can be used as an alternative in facilitating students to develop mathematical reasoning.