TERAPI KOGNITIF PERILAKU PADA REMAJA DENGAN GANGGUAN KOMORBID PERILAKU MENENTANG DAN DEPRESI YANG TINGGAL DI PANTI ASUHAN
(1) Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang
Abstract
Abstrak.Pengasuhan dan kondisi panti asuhan seringkali dianggap kurang kondusif untuk perkembangan anak serta remaja yang ada di dalamnya. Hal ini kemudian dibuktikan oleh banyaknya penelitian yang menyebutkan banyaknya permasalahan anak dan remaja di panti asuhan. Salah satu gangguan yang paling banyak terjadi adalah Gangguan Perilaku (GP), terutama yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah Gangguan Perilaku Menentang (GPM). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang remaja laki-laki usia 15 tahun yang dirujuk kepada psikolog karena menunjukkan gejala GPM. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus di mana proses pengumpulan data menggunakan multi sumber yaitu wawancara kepada orang di sekitar subjek, observasi, dan asesmen psikologi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa selain gejala GPM subjek juga menunjukkan depresi yang tinggi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa subjek mengalami gangguan komorbid. Penanganan yang dilakukan adalah melalui pendekatan kognitif perilaku sebanyak delapan pertemuan, yang terdiri atas penanganan komponen kognitif, emosi, dan perilaku. Hasilnya, subjek mengalami peningkatan dalam berpikir secara seimbang tentang dirinya yang berpengaruh terhadap kondisi emosi dan perilakunya. Di dalam artikel ini juga didiskusikan tentang dimensi gejala dalam GPM yang memprediksi terjadinya komorbiditas dengan gangguan afektif.
Kata kunci: gangguan perilaku menentang, remaja, terapi kognitif perilaku, panti asuhan
Â
Abstract. Parenting and orphanage are often considered less conducive to the development of children and adolescents. This is evidenced by many studies that mention many problems of children and adolescentsot orphanages. One of the most common disruptions is Behavioral Disorder (GP), those discussed in this study are Behavioral Disorder (GPM). Subjects in this study were a 15-year-old male teenager who is showing symptoms of GPM. This study uses case studies and the process of collecting data using multiple sources of interviews to people around the subject, observation, and psychological assessment. The results showed that in addition to symptoms GPM subjects also showed high depression. This indicates that the subject has comorbid disorders. Handling is done through the cognitive approach to the behavior of eight meetings, which consists of handling cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components. To sum up, the subject has increased in thinking in a balanced about himself that affects his emotional state and behavior. In this article is also discussed about the dimensions of symptoms in GPM that predict the occurrence of comorbidities with affective disorders.Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Assifa, F. (2017, Januari 28). Kompas. Retrieved from Kompas Website: http://regional.kompas.com/read/2017/01/28/19513941/seorang.anak.balita.meninggal.diduga.akibat.kekerasan.di.panti.asuhan
Arredondo, D. E., & Butler, S. F. (1994). Affective Comorbidity in Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents with Conduct Disorder or Oppositional Defiant Disorder : Should Conduct Disorder Be Treated with Mood Stabilizers ? Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 4(3), 151–158.
Battagliese, G., Caccetta, M., Luppino, O., Baglioni, C., Cardi, V., Mancini, F., & Buonanno, C. (2015). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for externalizing disorders : A meta-analysis of treatment effectiveness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 75, 60–71. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.008
BPS. (2013). Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from Website Badan Pusat Statistik Jateng: http://jateng.bps.go.id/index.php/linkTabelStatis/905
Burke, J. D., Hipwell, A. E., & Loeber, R. (2010). Dimensions of Oppositional Defiant Disorder as Predictors of Depression and Conduct Disorder in Preadolescent Girls. Journal of American Academic of Children and Adolescents Psychiatry, 49(5), 484–492.
Burke, J. D., Loeber, R., Lahey, B. B., & Rathouz, P. J. (2005). Developmental transition among affective and behavioral disorders in adolescent boys Developmental transitions among affective and behavioral disorders in adolescent boys. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(11), 1200–1210. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.00422.x
Clausen, J. M., Landsverk, J., Ganger, W., Chadwick, D., & Litrownik, A. (1998). Mental health problems of children in foster care. Journal of Child and Family Studies. Vol 7(3), 7(3), 283–296. http://doi.org/1062-1024/98/0900-0283$ 15.00/0
Essau, C. A. (2003). Epidemiology and Comorbidity. Dalam Cecilia A. Essau (Ed), Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorders: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatment. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Grant, A., Townend, M., Mills, J., Cockx, A. (2008). Assessment and Case Formulation in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. London: Sage Publication Ltd.
Hammen, C., & Compas, B. E. (1994). Unmasking Unmasked Depression in Children and Adolescents: The Problem of Comorbidity. Clinical Psychology Review, 14(6), 585–603.
Hayek, M., Mackie, T. I., Mulé, C. M., Bellonci, C., Hyde, J., Bakan, J. S., & Leslie, L. K. (2014). A multi-state study on mental health evaluation for children entering foster care. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 41, 552–567. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0495-3
Karismatika, I. (2014). Terapi Kognitif Perilaku untuk Remaja dengan Gangguan Tingkah Laku. Jurnal Sains Dan Praktik Psikologi, 2(3), 296–301.
Karver, M. S., & Caporino, N. (2014). The Use of Empirically Supported Strategies for Building a Therapeutic Relationship With an Adolescent With Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17(2), 222–232. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.09.004
Kementerian Sosial RI. (2008, Juni 5). Kementerian Sosial. Retrieved from Website Kementerian Sosial: http://www.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=674
Lochman, J. E., Powell, N. P., Boxmeyer, C., & Jimenez-Camargo, L. (2011). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Externalizing Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20(2), 305–318. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2011.01.005
Mahabbati, A. (2014). Pola Perilaku Bermasalah dan Rancangan Intervensi Pada Anak Tuna Laras Tipe Gangguan Perilaku (Conduct Disorder) Berdasarkan Functional Behavior Assessment. Dinamika Pendidikan, (1), 1–21.
Maruli, A. (2013, April 1). antara news. Retrieved from website antara news: http://www.antaranews.com/berita/366329/berapa-jumlah-anak-yatim-di-indonesia-
Minnis, H., Everett, K., Pelosi, A. J., Dunn, J., & Knapp, M. (2006). Children in foster care: mental health, service use and costs. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 15(2), 63–70. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-006-0452-8
Nock, M. K., Kazdin, A. E., Hiripi, E., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). Lifetime prevalence , correlates , and persistence of oppositional defiant disorder : results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, 7, 703–713. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01733.x
Noor, K. B. (2008). Case Study : A Strategic Research Methodology. American Journal of Applied Science, 5(11), 1603–1604. http://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2008.1602.1604
Riyadi, Rusmil, K., & Effendi, S. H. (2014). Risiko Masalah Perkembangan dan Mental Emosional Anak yang Diasuh di Panti Asuhan Dibandingkan dengan Diasuh Orangtua Kandung. MKB, 46(2), 118–124.
Southam-Gerow, M. (2003). Child-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies. Dalam Cecilia A. Essau (Ed), Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorders: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatment. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2000). Essay Therapy with Youth : Advances , Challenges , and Future Directions. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7, 343–366.
Stringaris, A., & Goodman, R. (2009). Three dimensions of oppositionality in youth. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(3), 216–223. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01989.x
Sukhodolsky, D. G., Kassinove, H., & Gorman, B. S. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anger in children and adolescents : A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9, 247–269. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2003.08.005
Wilding, C. & Milne, A. (2008). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. London: Hodder Headline
Wolff, J. C., & Ollendick, T. H. (2006). The Comorbidity of Conduct Problems and Depression in Childhood and Adolescence. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 9(December), 201–220. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-006-0011-3
Zainal, Z. (2007). Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan bil.9, (June), 1–6.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.