Peranan Keterlibatan Ayah terhadap Self-Esteem pada Pria Emerging Adulthood

Clara Dea Kristianto(1), Sandra Handayani Sutanto(2),


(1) Jurusan Psikologi, Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia
(2) Jurusan Psikologi, Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia

Abstract

Tahap perkembangan emerging adulthood merupakan masa seorang bertransisi dari remaja ke dewasa. Pada tahap perkembangan ini, eksplorasi identitas kembali dilakukan dalam tiga aspek spesifik yaitu cinta, pekerjaan, dan pandangan akan hidup. Ekplorasi identitas ini perlu dilakukan dengan menjaga rasa optimisme dan harapan para emerging adults bagi masa depan karena eksplorasi yang menyimpang seperti perilaku-perilaku beresiko dapat terjadi juga. Rasa optimisme dan harapan sendiri berkorelasi secara positif dengan self-esteem. Sebaliknya, perilaku-perilaku beresiko berkorelasi secara negatif dengan self-esteem. Salah satu faktor self-esteem sendiri menurut literatur adalah dukungan dan keterlibatan orang tua. Menurut salah satu penelitian, seorang emerging adult pria akan lebih melihat dirinya dari bagaimana hubungannya dengan ayahnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh keterlibatan ayah terhadap self-esteem pada pria di tahap perkembangan emerging adulthood. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 104 partisipan berkarakteristik pria berusia 18-25 tahun yang masih memiliki ayah kandung. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan alat ukur Skala Keterlibatan Ayah (SKA) dan Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan melakukan uji regresi linear sederhana terhadap kedua variabel. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan di antara kedua variabel (R2=.049, b= .051, p= .02; p<.05). Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterlibatan ayah memiliki pengaruh terhadap self-esteem pria di tahap perkembangan emerging adulthood.

 

Emerging adulthood is a stage where an individual is transitioning from adolescence to adulthood. On this stage of development, the exploration if identity is again carried out in three specific aspects that are love, work, and worldview. The identity explorations need to be done by maintaining a sense of optimism and hope of emerging adult’s future because, deviant exploration such as risk behaviors can also occur. Sense of optimism and hope correlates positively with self-esteem, on the contrary, risk behaviors correlate negatively with self-esteem. One of the factors of self-esteem itself, according to the literature is the support and the involvement of parents. According to one study, an emerging adult male will see himself more on how he relates with his father. Therefore, this study aims to look at how father involvement can influence self-esteem on men in emerging adulthood stage. This research was conducted to 104 participants characterized by men aged 18-25, who still have biological father. The design of this research is quantitative with Skala Keterlibatan Ayah (SKA) and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) as the survey instruments. Hypothesis testing is done by performing a simple linear regression test on the two variables. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there was a significant effect between the two variables (R2=.049, b= .051, p= .02; p<.05). Thus, it can be concluded that father involvement has an influence on male self-esteem in the developmental stage of emerging adulthood.

Keywords

Father Involvement; Emerging Adulthood; Males; Self-Esteem

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adioetomo, S. M., Posselt, H., & Utomo, A. (2014). UNFPA Indonesia Monograph Series No.2: Youth in Indonesia. Jakarta: UNFPA Indonesia.

Allen, S., & Daly, K. (2007). The effects of father involvement: A summary of the research evidence. Newsletter of the Father Involvement Initiative, 1.

Allgood, S. M., Beckert, T. E., & Peterson, C. (2012). The role of father involvement in the perceived psychological well-being of young adult daughters: A retrospective study. North American Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 95-110.

Amato, P. R. (1986). Father involvement and the self-esteem of children and adolescents. Australian Journal of Sex and Marriage, 7(1). 6-16.

Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American psychologist, 55(5), 469.

Arnett, J. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for?. Child development perspectives, 1(2), 68-73.

Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia (2017). Statistik Pemuda Indonesia. Jakarta: BPS.

Balcom, D. A. (1998). Absent fathers: Effect on abandoned sons. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 6(3), 283-296.

Balgiu, B. A. (2017). Self-esteem, personality and resilience. Study of students emerging adults group. Journal of Educational Science & Psychology, 7(69), 93-99.

Bemmelen, S. T. V. (2015). State of the World’s Fathers Country Report: Indonesia 2015. Jakarta: Rutgers WPF Indonesia.

Christiansen, S. L., & Palkovitz, R. (2001). Why the “good provider” role still matters: Providing as a form of paternal involvement. Journal of Family Issues, 22(1), 84-106.

Dick, G. L, & Bronson, D. (2005). Adult Men’s Self-Esteem: The relationship with the father. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Service, 86(4), 580-588.

Diori, S., & Handayani, E. (2018). The contribution of perceived father involvement towards relational self-esteem in early adolescence. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 139, 41-46.

Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Güder, S. Y., & Ata, S. (2018). Father involvement, gender perception, and children’s gender stereotypes. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(8), 1637-1646.

Hefferon, K., & Boniwell I. (2011). Positive Psychology: Theory, Research, and Applications. NY: McGraw-Hill.

Kamila I.I., & Mukhlis (2013). Perbedaan harga diri (self-esteem) remaja ditinjau dari keberadaan ayah. Jurnal Psikologi, 9(2), 100-112.

Karre, J.K. (2015). Fathering behavior and emerging adult romantic relationship quality: Individual and constellations of behaviour. Journal of Adult Development, 22(3), 148-158.

Lamb, M. E., Pleck, J. H., Charnov, E. L., & Levine, J. A. (1985). Paternal behavior in humans. American Zoologist, 25, 883-894.

Marsiglio, W., Day, R.D., & Lamb, M.E. (2000). Exploring fatherhood diversity: Implications for conceptualizing father involvement. Marriage and Family Review, 29, 269–293.

Miller, E. D. (2012). Why the father wound matters: Consequences for male mental health and the father-son relationship. Child Abuse Review, 22(3), 194–208.

Moore, L. E., & Shell, M. D. (2017). The effects of parental support and self-esteem on internalizing symptoms in emerging adulthood. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 22(2), 131-140.

Mruk, C.J. (2013). Self-esteem and Positive Psychology: Research, Theory, and Practice (4th ed.) New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co.

Nisfiannoor, M. (2009). Pendekatan Statististika Modern untuk Ilmu Sosial. Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba.

Norona, J. C., Preddy, T. M., & Welsh, D. P. (2014). How Gender Shapes Emerging Adulthood. Oxford Handbooks Online.

O’Connor, M., Sanson, A., Hawkins, M. T., Letcher, P., Toumbourou, J. W., Smart, D., Vassallo, S., & Olsson, C. A. (2010). Predictors of positive development in emerging adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(7), 860–874.

Papalia, D. E., & Martorell, G. (2014). Experience human development (13th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Partasari, W. D., Lentari, F. R. M., & Priadi, M. A. G. (2017) Gambaran keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan anak usia remaja (usia (16-21 tahun). Jurnal Psikogenesis, 5(2), 159-167.

Pleck, J. H. (2012). Integrating father involvement in parenting research. Parenting: Science and Practice, 12, 243-253. DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2012.683365.

Putri, A. N. (2018). Hubungan antara keterlibatan ayah dengan penyalahgunaan NAPZA pada laki-laki remaja akhir. (Skripsi). Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Schober, P., Boer, C., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation coefficients. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126(5), 1763–1768.

Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Ravert, R. D., Kim, S. Y., Weisskirch, R. S., Williams, M. K., Bersamin, M., & Finley, G. E. (2009). Perceived parental relationship and health-risk behaviors in college-attending emerging adults. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 727-740.

Sneed, J. R., Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Gilligan, C., Chen, H., Crawford, T. N., & Kasen, S. (2006). Gender differences in the age-changing relationship between instrumentality and family contact in emerging adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 787–797.

Su, L. P., Kubricht, B., & Miller, R. (2017). The influence of father involvement in adolescent’s overall development in Taiwan. Journal of Adolescence, 59, 35-44.

Wicaksana, D., & Suwartono, C. (2012). Uji validitas dan reliabilitas alat ukur Indonesia implicit self-esteem test (IISeT). Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi dan pendidikan Indonesia, 1(4), 309.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.