Regulation Concept of Optimizing Biodiversity Function due to Climate Change through Biological Insurance

Efridani Lubis; Andrean Al Iksan

doi:10.15294/jpcl.v7i1.44132

Regulation Concept of Optimizing Biodiversity Function due to Climate Change through Biological Insurance

Efridani Lubis⁽¹⁾, Andrean Al Iksan⁽²⁾,

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpcl.v7i1.44132

(1) Universitas Islam As-Syafi'iyah
(2) Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Abstract

Biological diversity, also known as genetic resources, plays a crucial role in sustaining human existence. Despite its significance, the destruction of these resources continues to persist over time, partly due to the impact of climate change. Numerous mechanisms have been implemented at both international and national levels to address this issue. However, the IUCN Red List indicates that the apprehensive situation persists, with 28% (35,765 species) of known species categorized as threatened with extinction as of 2020. In light of this challenge, an alternative worth considering is the concept of biological insurance, wherein biological or genetic resources become objects of insurance in general. Implementing this approach would require careful adjustments and, more importantly, scientific argumentation to support the idea both legally and economically. By employing normative legal research alongside statute and conceptual approaches, it has become evident that the current environmental insurance available in the market does not adequately protect the uniqueness of biological diversity. To strengthen the protection of biological diversity, it is essential to incorporate the sustainable use of natural resources for the prosperity of people while ensuring their sustainability indefinitely. Developing a comprehensive environmental insurance system would involve proposing a specific set of terms and conditions for biological insurance tailored to its unique characteristics. This approach seeks to safeguard and promote the conservation of biological or genetic diversity effectively.

Keywords

Biological Diversity, Genetic Resources, Environmental Insurance, Biological Insurance, Climate Change

References

Asshiddiqie, Jimly. 2017. Green Constitution: Nuansa Hijau Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Jakarta: RajaGrafindoPersada.

Bappenas. 2021. “Ringkasan Ekslusif: Kebijakan Pembangunan Berketahanan Iklim (Climate Resilience Development Policy) 2020-2021,” 10.

Bhat, Mohammad Younus, M S Bhatt, and Arfat Ahmad Sofi. 2020. “Valuing Biodiversity of Dachigam National Park: A Choice Experiment Application.” Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31 (6): 1569–85. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-10-2019-0210.

Bull, Joseph W., Niels Strange, Robert J. Smith, and Ascelin Gordon. 2021. “Reconciling Multiple Counterfactuals When Evaluating Biodiversity Conservation Impact in Social-Ecological Systems.” Conservation Biology 35 (2): 510–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13570.

Calderón, Fanny et al. 2019. “Biodiversity insurance: protecting and financing nature". Journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Volume 34 Issue 2.

Cepic, Michael, Ulrike Bechtold, and Harald Wilfing. 2022. “Modelling Human Influences on Biodiversity at a Global Scale–A Human Ecology Perspective.” Ecological Modelling 465 (March): 109854. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLMODEL.2021.109854.

IUCN. 2020. “Red List Report 2017-2020.” Https://Www.Iucnredlist.Org. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25461321.

Julismin. 2013. “DAMPAK DAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM DI INDONESIA.” Jurnal Geografi. https://www.ptonline.com/articles/how-to-get-better-mfi-results.

Kiss, Alexandre, and Dinah Shelton. 2007. “Strict Liability in International Environmental Law.” Law of the Sea, Environmental Law and Settlement of Disputes: Liber Amicorum Judge Thomas A. Mensah, 1131–51. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004161566.i-1188.183.

Lubis, Efridani; Fauziah; Mulyono. 2022. “STRENGTHENING POLICY OF EX-SITU BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT CONSERVATION PREVENTING BIODIVERSITY LOSS IN CIBINONG SCIENCE” 6 (2): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2022.33.38.

Lubis, Efridani. 2020a. “Protection and Utilization of Indonesia Genetic Resources: Disentangle of Regime Complex.” Global Conference on Business and Social Science 11 (1): 116–22.

———. 2020b. “Utilizing Genetic Resources for Effective Domestic Investment: A Legal Perspective.” 4 BICCS Proceeding 4: 558–70.

———. 2021. “Reviewing Policy of Biodiversity Management as Ex-Situ Conservation in Bogor Botanical Garden Supporting Ecotourism.” Proceeding on ASAR International Conference. Vol. 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379818409514249.

Mahfud, Mahfud. 2020. “An Overview of Strict Liability Offences and Civil Penalties in the Uk’S Environmental Law.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan 9 (1): 154. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.9.1.2020.154-169.

Pilgrim, John D, Susie Brownlie, Jonathan M M Ekstrom, Toby A Gardner, Amrei Von Hase, Kerry Kate, Conrad E Savy, et al. 2013. “Policy Perspective: a Process for Assessing the Offsetability of Biodiversity Impacts,” 376–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12002.

Plaff, Alexander et al. 2020. "Biodiversity insurance: a conservation financing instrument for the 21st century".Journal Conservation Science and Practice Volume 34 , Edisi 4.

Putri Faizal, Zahranissa. 2021. “Strict Liability in Environmental Dispute Responsibility Before and After the Enabling of Omnibus Law.” Administrative and Environmental Law Review 2 (1): 53–60. https://doi.org/10.25041/aelr.v2i1.2318.

Rahmatiar, Yuniar. 2018. “The Role of Environmental Insurance as the Prevention Effort of Environmental Pollution.” Journal of Arts and Humanities 7 (5): 46–53. https://doi.org/10.18533/journal.v7i5.1392.

Shi, Zhiying. 2018. “Impact of Climate Change on the Global Environment and Associated Human Health.” OALib 05 (10): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104934.

Swingland, Ian R. 2013. “Biodiversity, Definition Of.” Encyclopedia of Biodiversity: Second Edition, no. November: 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00009-5.

Valavanidis, Athanasios. 2021. “Global Biodiversity Crisis on Planet Earth . The Variety of Living Things in the Web of Life Is Facing Widespread Extinction Threats Introduction : What Is Biodiversity on Earth ’ s Ecosystems,” no. November.

Yusa, I Gede, and Bagus Hermanto. 2018. “Implementasi Green Constitution Di Indonesia: Jaminan Hak Konstitusional Pembangunan Lingkungan Hidup Berkelanjutan.” Jurnal Konstitusi 15 (2): 306. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1524