Comparison of Student Achievement in Electricity Using Augmented Reality between Offline and Online Classes
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected education in Indonesia. The government has suggested alternatives to solve the learning problems during the pandemic. Offline and online classes were used to fulfil the various learning needs of students. This study investigated the effect of using augmented reality-assisted media in offline and online classes on student achievement amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a quasi-experimental design by utilising augmented reality (AR) in each class for eight weeks. Validated test questions were used following the use of AR. According to the results of the independent t-test in the current study, student achievement from offline (n = 63, M = 74.71) and online (n = 64, M= 71.46) classes increased drastically with t = 1.994, p = 0.048. However, in terms of differences in achievement improvement between the two classes, students in offline classes had higher achievement compared to those in online classes. Thus, it can be concluded that student achievement in Physics has improved with the help of augmented reality-assisted media amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly through offline learning mode. This study contributes to the development of AR for future education, particularly how to enhance student achievement in Physics. Future AR studies can be carried out in more classes from various regions or countries, considering that the 3D models in AR are useful to aid the learning of other subjects with abstract concepts.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdoli-Sejzi, A. (2015). Augmented reality and virtual learning environment. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 11(8), 1-5.
Adami, F. Z., & Budihartanti, C. (2016). Penerapan Teknologi Augmented Reality Pada Media Pembelajaran Sistem Pencernaan Berbasis Android. Jurnal Teknik Komputer AMIK BSI, 2(1), 122-131.
Amelia, R., Azizah, R. S. N., Suwandi, A. R., Amalia, I. F., & Ismail, A. (2020). Application of augmented reality to physics practicum to enchane students’ understanding of concepts. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(3), 1128-1131.
Arikunto, S (2002). “Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek,” Ch. 12 page 148 Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Barraza Castillo, R. I., Cruz Sánchez, V. G., & Vergara Villegas, O. O. (2015). A pilot study on the use of mobile augmented reality for interactive experimentation in quadratic equations. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2015
Barrow, J., Forker, C., Sands, A., O’Hare, D., & Hurst, W. (2019). Augmented reality for enhancing life science education.
Bartley, S. J., & Golek, J. H. (2004). Evaluating the cost effectiveness of online and face-to-face instruction. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 7(4), 167-175.
Billinghurst, M., & Duenser, A. (2012). Augmented reality in the classroom. Computer, 45(7), 56-63.Billinghurst.M & A. Duenser, (2012). Augmented Reality in the Classroom. Computer, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 56-63
Bressler, D. M., & Bodzin, A. M. (2013). A mixed methods assessment of students’ flow experiences during a mobile augmented reality science game. Journal of computer assisted learning, 29(6), 505-517.
Bujak, K. R., Radu, I., Catrambone, R., MacIntyre, B., Zheng, R., & Golubski, G. (2013). A psychological perspective on augmented reality in the mathematics classroom. Computers & Education, 68, 536-544.
Cai, S., Chiang, F. K., & Wang, X. (2013). Using the augmented reality 3D technique for a convex imaging experiment in a physics course. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(4), 856-865
Cai, S., Wang, X., & Chiang, F. K. (2014). A case study of Augmented Reality simulation system application in a chemistry course. Computers in human behavior, 37, 31-40
Chang, H. Y., Hsu, Y. S., & Wu, H. K. (2016). A comparison study of augmented reality versus interactive simulation technology to support student learning of a socio-scientific issue. Interactive learning environments, 24(6), 1148-1161.
Chang, H. Y., Hsu, Y. S., Wu, H. K., & Tsai, C. C. (2018). Students’ development of socio-scientific reasoning in a mobile augmented reality learning environment. International Journal of Science Education, 40(12), 1410–1431.
Chen, H. Y., & Liu, K. Y. (2008). Web-based synchronized multimedia lecture system design for teaching/learning Chinese as second language. Computers & Education, 50(3), 693-702.
Cheng, K. H., & Tsai C. C. (2013). Affordances of augmented reality in science learning: suggestions for future research. J Sci Educ Technology, 22(4), 449–462
Chiang, T.-H.-C., Yang, S.-J.-H., & Hwang, G.-J. (2014). An augmented reality-based Mobile learning system to improve students’ learning achievements and motivations in natural science inquiry activities. Educational Technology & Society, 17(4), 352–365.
Chu, H. C., Chen, J. M., Hwang, G. J., & Chen, T. W. (2019). Effects of formative assessment in an augmented reality approach to conducting ubiquitous learning activities for architecture courses. Universal Access in the Information Society, 18, 221-230.
Cook, D. A., Levinson, A. J., Garside, S., Dupras, D. M., Erwin, P. J., & Montori, V. M. (2008). Internet-based learning in the health professions: a meta-analysis. Jama, 300(10), 1181-1196.
Craciun, D., & Bunoiu, M. (2017, December). Boosting physics education through mobile augmented reality. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1916, No. 1, p. 050003). AIP Publishing LLC.
Ekantini, A. (2020). Efektivitas Pembelajaran Daring pada Mata Pelajaran IPA di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Komparasi Pembelajaran Luring dan Daring pada Mata Pelajaran IPA SMP. Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah, 5(2), 187-194.
Flavián, C., Ibáñez-Sánchez, S., & Orús, C. (2019). The impact of virtual, augmented and mixed reality technologies on the customer experi- ence. Journal of Business Research, 100, 547-560.
Giasiranis, S., & Sofos, L. (2017). Flow experience and educational effectiveness of teaching informatics using AR. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(4), 78–88
Gun, E. T., & Atasoy, B. (2017). The effects of augmented reality on elementary school students’ spatial ability and academic achievement. Education and Science, 42(191), 31–51.
Guo, B., & Li, H. (2020). Guidance Strategies for Online Teaching during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study of the Teaching Practice of Xinhui Shangya School in Guangdong, China. SSRN Electronic Journal, 5(2), 547 - 551.
Harmer, A. J., & Cates, W. M. (2007). Designing for learner engagement in middle school science: Technology, inquiry, and the hierarchies of engagement. Computers in the Schools, 24(1-2), 105-124.
Hsiao, K.-F., Chen, N.-S., & Huang, S.-Y. (2012). Learning while exercising for science education in augmented reality among adolescents. Interactive Learning Environments, 20(4), 331–349.
Ibanez, M.-B., & Delgado-Kloos, C. 2018. Augmented reality for STEM learning: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 123, 109–123.
Ismail, A., Festiana, I., Hartini, T.I., Yusal, Y. & Malik, A.. (2019). Enhancing students’ conceptual understanding of electricity using learning media- based augmented reality‖. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1157, No. 3, p. 032049). IOP Publishing
Jian-Hua, S. (2012). Explore the effective use of multimedia technology in college physics teaching. Energy Procedia, 17, 1897-1900.
Joint Decree (SKB four ministers) No. 01/ KB /2022, No. 408 of 2022, No. HK.01.08/MENKES/1140/2022, No. 420-1026 of 2022 on guidelines for implementing learning during the pandemic COVID-19, 2022. https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2022/05/skb-4-menteri-terbaru-atur-pembelajaran-tatap-muka-seratus-persen
Kamarainen, A. M., Metcalf, S., Grotzer, T., Browne, A., Mazzuca, D., Tutwiler, M. S., & Dede, C. (2013). EcoMOBILE: Integrating augmented reality and probeware with environmental education field trips. Computers & Education, 68, 545–556.
Khairuddin, A. Z., Abd Razak, A., Idrus, F., & Ismail, N. A. H. (2019). Challenges of Offering Peace Education among Educational Leaders: A Case Study of Malaysian Public Primary School. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 3(1), 57- 71.
Klopfer, E., & Squire, K. (2007). Environmental Detectives—the development of an augmented reality platform for environmental simulations. Educational technology research and development, 56, 203-228.
Kollofel, B., Eysink, T. H. S., & De Jong, T. (2013). De rol van externe representaties bij onderzoekend leren met computersimulaties. Pedagogische Studiën, 87(1), 51-65.
Kreijns, K., Van Acker, F., Vermeulen, M., & Van Buuren, H. (2013). What stimulates teachers to integrate ICT in their pedagogical practices? The use of digital learning materials in education. Computers in human behavior, 29(1), 217-225.
Laine, T. H., Nygren, E., Dirin, A., & Suk, H. J. (2016). Science Spots AR: a platform for science learning games with augmented reality. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64, 507-531.
Lin, T. J., Duh, H. B. L., Li, N., Wang, H. Y., & Tsai, C. C. (2013). An investigation of learners’ collaborative knowledge construction performances and behavior patterns in an augmented reality simulation system. Computers & Education, 68, 314-321.
Liou, H.-H., Yang, S. J. H., Chen, S. Y., & Tarng, W. (2017). The influences of the 2D image-based augmented reality and virtual reality on student learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(3), 110–121.
Littenberg-Tobias, J., & Reich, J. (2020). Evaluating access, quality, and equity in online learning: A case study of a MOOC-based blended professional degree program. The Internet and Higher Education, 47, 100759.
Lyon. A. (2013). Why are Normal Distributions Normal?. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 65, pp. 621–649.
Mayasari, T., Kadarohman, A., Rusdiana, D., & Kaniawati, I. (2016). Apakah model pembelajaran problem based learning dan project based learning mampu melatihkan keterampilan abad 21?. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Keilmuan (JPFK), 2(1), 48-55.
McFarland, D., & Hamilton, D. (2005). Factors affecting student performance and satisfaction: Online versus traditional course delivery. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 46(2), 25-32.
McKellar, S. E., Cortina, K. S., & Ryan, A. M. (2020). Teaching practices and student engagement in early adolescence: A longitudinal study using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System. Teaching and Teacher Education, 89, 102936.
McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry. Pearson.McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education: Evidence-basedinquiry (7th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
Moro, C., Stromberga, Z., Raikos, A., & Stirling, A. (2017). The effectiveness of virtual and augmented reality in health sciences and medical anatomy. Anatomical Sciences Education, 10(6), 549–559.
Mystakidis, S., Christopoulos, A., & Pellas, N. (2022). A systematic mapping review of augmented reality applications to support STEM learning in higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 27(2), 1883-1927.
Nengrum, T. A., Pettasolong, N., & Nuriman, M. (2021). Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Pembelajaran Luring dan Daring dalam Pencapaian Kompetensi Dasar Kurikulum Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 2 Kabupaten Gorontalo. Jurnal Pendidikan, 30(1), 1-12.
Nuanmeesri, S., Kadmateekarun, P., & Poomhiran, L. (2019). Augmented Reality to Teach Human Heart Anatomy and Blood Flow. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 18(1), 15-24.
Olson, D. (2002). A comparison of online and lecture methods for delivering the CS 1 course. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 18(2), 57-63.
Ozdemir, M., Sahin, C., Arcagok, S., & Demir, M. K. (2018). The effect of augmented reality applications in the learning process: A meta-analysis study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 18(74), 165-186.
Pujiastuti, H., & Haryadi, R. (2020). The use of augmented reality blended learning for improving understanding of food security. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 9(1), 59-69.
Rasmitadila R, R. R.i Aliyyah, R. Rachmadtullah, A. Samsudin, E Syaodih, M. Nurtanto, & A. R. S. Tambunan. (2020). The Perceptions of Primary School Teachers of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2, 90-109.
Regulation of Indonesian Goverment No.21. (2020). (2020). Perubahan atas Keputusan Bersamam Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Menteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan, dan Menteri Dalam Negeri. Retrieved from https://bersamahadapikorona.kemdikbud.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SALINAN_REVISI-SKB-4-MENTERI-PTM_AGUSTUS-2020.pdf
Ribeiro, J. (2016). Wearable technology and the future of education. Retrieved from: The learning bird: https://blog. learningbird. com/wearable-technology-and-the-future-of-education.
Rivera, J. C., & Rice, M. L. (2002). A comparison of student outcomes and satisfaction between traditional and web based course offerings. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 5(3), 151-179.
Rokhmah, A., Sunarno, W., & Masykuri, M. (2017). Science literacy indicators in optical instruments of highschool physics textbooks chapter. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia, 13(1), 19-24.
Ropawandi, D., Halim, L., & Husnin, H. (2022). Augmented Reality (AR) Technology-Based Learning: The Effect on Physics Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 12(2), 132-140.
Salar, R., Arici, F., Caliklar, S., & Yilmaz, R. M. (2020). A model for augmented reality immersion experiences of university students studying in science education. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 29, 257-271.
Sanii, B. (2020). Creating Augmented Reality USDZ Files to Visualize 3D Objects on Student Phones in the Classroom. J. Chem. Educ. 2020, 97(1), 253-257.
Saykili, A. (2019). Augmented reality in open and distance learning. Proceedings of the 8th Teaching & Education Conference, Vienna.
Setiawan, A. R. (2020). Scientific literacy worksheets for distance learning in the topic of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). EdArXiv.
Shirazi, A., & Behzadan, A. H. (2015). Content Delivery Using Augmented Reality to Enhance Students’ Performance in a Building Design and Assembly Project. Advances in Engineering Education, 4(3), n3.
Singh, G., Mantri, A., Sharma, O., Dutta, R., & Kaur, R. (2019). Evaluating the impact of the augmented reality learning environment on electronics laboratory skills of engineering students. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 27(6), 1361–1375.
Sırakaya, M., & Alsancak Sırakaya, D. (2022). Augmented reality in STEM education: A systematic review. Interactive Learning Environments, 30(8), 1556-1569.
Soltero L, A., & Lopez, P. (2020). Expanding Our Reach: Cross-Institutional Collaborations and Teacher Preparation in Hispanic Serving Institutions. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 3(1), 120-135.
Stetzer, M. R., Van Kampen, P., Shaffer, P. S., & McDermott, L. C. (2013). New insights into student understanding of complete circuits and the conservation of current. American Journal of Physics, 81(2), 134-143.
Suresh, M., Priya, V.V. & Gayathri, R. (2018). Effect of e-learning on academic performance of undergraduate students. Drug Invent. Today, 10, 1797–1800.
Thees, M., Kapp, S., Strzys, M. P., Beil, F., Lukowicz, P., & Kuhn, J. (2020). Effects of augmented reality on learning and cognitive load in university physics laboratory courses. Computers in Human Behavior, 108, 106316.
Turgut, Ü., Gürbüz, F., & Turgut, G. (2011). An investigation 10th grade students’ misconceptions about electric current. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1965-1971.
Urbano, D., de Fátima Chouzal, M., & Restivo, M. T. (2020). Evaluating an online augmented reality puzzle for DC circuits: Students’ feedback and conceptual knowledge gain. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 28(5), 1355-1368.
Vassigh, S., Davis, D., Behzadan, A. H., Mostafavi, A., Rashid, K., Alhaffar, H., & Gallardo, G. (2020). Teaching building sciences in immersive environments: A prototype design, implementation, and assessment. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 16(3), 180-196.
Wojciechowski, R., & Cellary, W. (2013). Evaluation of learners’ _attitude toward learning in ARIES augmented reality environments. Computers & Education, (68), 570–585.
Wu, H. K., Lee, S. W. Y., Chang, H. Y., & Liang, J. C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers & education, 62, 41-49.
Xia, J.P. (2020) Teaching for student learning: Exploration of teaching strategies based on protocol-guided learning. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(1), 451-467.
Yung, R., & Khoo-Lattimore, C. (2019). New realities: a systematic literature review on virtual reality and augmented reality in tourism research. Current issues in tourism, 22(17), 2056-2081.
Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Yang, L., & Wang, C. (2020). Suspending classes without stopping learning: China’s education emergency management policy in the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Risk and financial management, 13(3), 55
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
