Email this article 
Child Marriage: Motives and Intergenerational Phenomenon
(1) Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro. Public Health Study Program, Universitas Negeri Semarang.
(2) Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro.
(3) Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro.
(4) Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro.
Abstract
The Law on Marriage has been amended, but the prevalence of child marriage has not been reduced significantly. Grobogan is one of the areas with the highest prevalence of married and pregnant women at child age (less than 19 years) in Central Java, and is always above the national prevalence. During 2018 the prevalence of cases reached 59.88%, in 2019 it was 51.24%, in 2020 it was 52.81%, in 2021 it was 54.33%, and in 2022 it was 52.15%. Marriage of women at child age becomessocial phenomena that often occur in society.
This research is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design. The research uses a purposive sampling technique, namelyof all women who married at the age of less than 19 years in Grobogan district in the last 5 years (2018-2022), namely 2,676 cases. Data were analyzed to describe trends in cases and motives for marriage between women as children, as well as bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test to analyze the relationship between parents' marital history and children's marriages.
The results of the research are that cases of child marriage (less than 19 years old) are more common among girls. Women are the ones who mostly marry under the age of 19. The most common cause (76.8%) underlying applications for marriage dispensation is dating behavior. Based on the pattern of child marriage couples that occurred in the last 5 years in Grobogan district, the most frequent marriages were women aged children (less than 19 years) marrying men aged adults (more than 19 years), namely 82.5%, there were 15.5 % of marriages that occurred between women and men who were both under 19 years of age, there were 1.8% of marriages that occurred between adult women (over 19 years) and men under 19 years of age, and 3 couples (0 .1%) married when both were 19 years old. There is a significant relationship between mothers' marital history and child marriages that occur in their daughters (p value 0.0002). This means that mothers who marry at a young age (less than 19 years) influence the occurrence of child marriage in their daughters.Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adedokun O, Adeyemi O, D. C. (2016) ‘Child marriage and maternal health risks among young mothers in Gombi, Adamawa state, Nigeria: Implications for mortality, entitlements and freedoms’, Afr Health Sci, 16(4), pp. 986–99.
Adhikari R, K S, P. P. (2009) ‘Correlates of unintended pregnancy among currently pregnant married women in Nepal’, BMC Int Health Hum Rights, 9(1), pp. 1–10.
Ahonsi, B. et al. (2019) ‘Child marriage in Ghana: Evidence from a multi-method study’, BMC Women’s Health, 19(1), pp. 1–15. doi: 10.1186/s12905-019-0823-1.
Asnong, C. et al. (2018) ‘Adolescents’ perceptions and experiences of pregnancy in refugee and migrant communities on the Thailand-Myanmar border: A qualitative study’, Reproductive Health, 15(1), pp. 1–13. doi: 10.1186/s12978-018-0522-7.
Azinar, M. et al. (2021) ‘Early Marriage in Women and the Risk of Low Birth Weight’, Unnes Journal of Public Health (UJPH), 11(1), pp. 75–81.
Bandura, A. (2012) ‘On the Functional Properties of Perceived Self-Efficacy Revisited’, J Manage, 38(1), pp. 9–44.
Bappenas (2020) Strategi Nasional Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak. Jakarta: Bappenas.
Bates, L. M., Maselko, J. and Schuler, S. R. (2007) ‘Women’s education and the timing of marriage and childbearing in the next generation: Evidence from rural Bangladesh’, Studies in Family Planning, 38(2), pp. 101–112. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2007.00121.x.
BKKBN (2012) Pernikahan dini pada beberapa provinsi di Indonesia: akar masalah dan peran kelembagaan di daerah. Jakarta: BKKBN.
BPS Provinsi Jawa Tengah (2022) Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat Provinsi Jawa Tengah 2022.
BPS RI (2020) Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik RI.
Choe, M. K., Thapa, S. and Mishra, V. (2005) ‘Early marriage and early motherhood in Nepal’, Journal of Biosocial Science, 37(2), pp. 143–162. doi: 10.1017/S0021932003006527.
E.P., A. A. and Poonia, A. (2015) ‘Determinants, Attitudes and Practices on Child Marriage: Evidences from Rural Rajasthan’, Social Work Chronicle, 4(1and2). doi: 10.21863/swc/2015.4.1and2.003.
Efevbera, Y. et al. (2017) ‘Girl child marriage as a risk factor for early childhood development and stunting’, Social Science and Medicine, 185, pp. 91–101. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.027.
Efevbera, Y. and Bhabha, J. (2020) ‘Defining and deconstructing girl child marriage and applications to global public health’, BMC Public Health, 20(1), pp. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09545-0.
Hardiani, H. and Junaidi, J. (2018) ‘Determinants of Early Marriage and Model of Maturing Marriage Age Policy’, Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences, 11(1). doi: 10.12959/issn.1855-0541.iiass-2018-no1-art5.
Harvey, C. M. et al. (2022) ‘Premarital Conception as a Driver of Child Marriage and Early Union in Selected Countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific’, Journal of Adolescent Health, 70(3), pp. S43–S46. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.11.003.
Hotchkiss, D. R. et al. (2016) ‘Risk factors associated with the practice of child marriage among Roma girls in Serbia Health and human rights of marginalized populations’, BMC International Health and Human Rights, 16(1), pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12914-016-0081-3.
Indraswari, R. et al. (2023) ‘Exploration of Javanese Children’s Knowledge and Attitudes about Puberty and Reproductive Health’, Kemas, 19(2), pp. 178–185. doi: 10.15294/kemas.v19i2.43932.
Jawa Tengah, Dinkes. (2021) Profil Kesehatan Jawa Tengah Tahun 2021.
Karjono, M. (2017) ‘Force, Support, and Endorsing Factors of Early Marriage in Adolescent Sasak (Sasak Ethnic) in Central Lombok’, International Research Journal of Engineering, IT and Scientific Research, (June). doi: 10.21744/irjeis.v3i2.436.
Kavas, S. (2022) ‘Early Marriage and Motherhood from an Intergenerational Perspective: The Case of Turkey’, Population Research and Policy Review, 41(5), pp. 2143–2175. doi: 10.1007/s11113-022-09718-2.
Kolk, M. (2014) ‘Understanding transmission of fertility across multiple generations - Socialization or socioeconomics?’, Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 35, pp. 89–103. doi: 10.1016/j.rssm.2013.09.006.
Malik Bhanji, S. (2014) ‘Determinants of Child (Early) Marriages among Young Girls- A Public Health Issue’, Journal of Women’s Health Care, 03(03). doi: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000161.
Misunas, C. et al. (2021) ‘What Influences Girls’ Age at Marriage in Burkina Faso and Tanzania? Exploring the Contribution of Individual, Household, and Community Level Factors’, Journal of Adolescent Health, 69(6), pp. S46–S56. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.015.
Morosow, K. and Trappe, H. (2018) ‘Intergenerational transmission of fertility timing in Germany’, Demographic Research, 38(1), pp. 1389–1422. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.46.
Nasrullah, M. et al. (2014) ‘Girl-child marriage and its association with morbidity and mortality of children under 5 years of age in a nationally-representative sample of Pakistan’, Journal of Pediatrics, 164(3), pp. 639–646. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.11.017.
Pandya YP, Bhanderi DJ. An epidemiological study of child marriages in a rural community of Gujarat’ (2015) Indian J Community Med. 2015;40(4):246–51, 40(4), pp. 246–51.
Paul, P. (2019) ‘Effects of education and poverty on the prevalence of girl child marriage in India: A district–level analysis’, Children and Youth Services Review, 100(February), pp. 16–21. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.033.
Paul, P. (2020) ‘Child marriage and its association with morbidity and mortality of children under 5 years old: evidence from India’, Journal of Public Health (Germany), 28(3), pp. 331–338. doi: 10.1007/s10389-019-01038-8.
Petroni, S. et al. (2017) ‘New Findings on Child Marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Annals of Global Health, 83(5–6), pp. 781–790. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.09.001.
Psaki, S. R. et al. (2021) ‘What Are the Drivers of Child Marriage? A Conceptual Framework to Guide Policies and Programs’, Journal of Adolescent Health, 69(6), pp. S13–S22. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.001.
Raj, A. (2010) ‘The effect of maternal child marriage on morbidity and mortality of children under 5 in India: Cross sectional study of a nationally representative sample’, BMJ Open, 340(7742), p. 353.
Rijken, A. and Liefbroer, A. (2009) ‘Influences of the family of origin on the timing and quantum of fertility in the Netherlands’, Population Studies, 63(1), pp. 71–85. doi: 10.1080/00324720802621575.
Tomar, S. et al. (2021) ‘Associations of Age at Marriage With Marital Decision-Making Agency Among Adolescent Wives in Rural Niger’, Journal of Adolescent Health, 69(6), pp. S74–S80. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.08.007.
WHO (2016) Child, Early And Forced Marriage Legislation In 37 Asia – Pacific Countries. Available at: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/ gender_-rights/ cefm-asia-pacific/en/.
Widyastari, D. A., Isarabhakdi, P. and Shaluhiyah, Z. (2020) ‘Intergenerational patterns of early marriage and childbearing in Rural Central Java, Indonesia’, Journal of Population and Social Studies, 28(3), pp. 250–264. doi: 10.25133/JPSSV28N3.017.
Windiarti, S. and Besral (2018) ‘Determinant of Ealry Marriage in Indonesia: a Systematic Review’, Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Science and Health ICASH-A017, (4), pp. 141–147. Available at: https://publications.inschool.id/index.php/icash/article/view/244/205.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.