Freedom of Religion and Belief in Higher Education: Between Policy and Practices
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Published
Jun 30, 2023
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Abstract
is a set of rules formed to regulate the order of social life. Regulations also regulate various lines of life including religion. Religion is defined as man's belief in the existence of God including the ordinances of worship. Freedom of religion also needs to be applied in universities as evidence of Freedom of Religion and Belief. This study aims to find out how the regulation of religious freedom in Higher Education (Semarang State University Campus Study) from the point of view of Freedom Of religion And Belief. This study used normative juridical methods. In this study, it can be concluded that the procurement of houses of worship in universities is still very rare. This is because there are no regulations or policies that regulate this matter. However, there are also several universities that already have multi-religious houses of worship, one of which is Semarang State University. The construction of the house of worship aims to strengthen religious moderation through tolerance.
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How to Cite
Zainurohmah, Z., Izza, R. L., Firdaus, I., Damayanti, F., & Baidhowi, B. (2023). Freedom of Religion and Belief in Higher Education: Between Policy and Practices. The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education, 5(2), 221-246. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijicle.v5i2.74117
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Research Article
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The copyrights of the article in Indonesian J. Int'l Clinical Leg. Educ. is on the Author(s), however, before publishing, it is required to obtain written confirmation from Author(s) in order to ensure the originality (Author Statement of Originality). The statement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. This work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). All writings published in this journal are personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions.
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Tampubolon, Manotar. “From Protector to Violator: Assessing the State’s Role in Protecting Religious Freedom in Indonesia,” International Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies, 2016, 46–66.
Utama, Andrew Shandy and Toni Toni, "State Protection of Religious Freedom in Indonesia According to the 1945 Constitution," CIVITAS (Civic Journal of Learning and Science) 6, no. 2 (2020): 12–24.
Zulaikha, Almira Novia. "Analysis of The Judge's Decision Regarding the Blasphemy’s Cases." The Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence 4, no. 2 (2023): 145-162.
Anwar, Ahmad Khoirul. "Protection of the Right to Freedom of Religion in Indonesia (Case Study: Destruction of the Ahmadiyah Mosque in Balai Harapan Village, Temunak District, Sintang District, West Kalimantan)." Journal of Creativity Student 6, no. 1 (2021): 111-130.
Arifin, Syamsul. “Indonesian Discourse on Human Rights and Freedom of Religion or Belief: Muslim Perspectives,” BYU Law Review, no. 3 (2012): 775–808.
Arvante, Jeremy Zefanya Yaka, Maulana Fuad Nugraha, and Andrew Sergei Rostislav. "A Comparative Study of Religious Freedom Between Indonesia-Russia and Its Limitations." Jurnal Scientia Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2022): 197-222.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Indonesia's Constitution and Constitutionalism (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2005).
Ayu, Rona. “UKK Dan UKKK Gelar Audiensi Pengadaan Ruang Ibadah.” LINIKAMPUS: Perspektif Intelektual Mahasiswa, 2019.
Bagir, Zainal Abidin and Renata Arianingtyas, “Limitations to Freedom of Religion or Belief in Indonesia: Norms and Practices." Religion & Human Rights 15, no. 1–2 (2020): 39–56.
Bagir, Zainal Abidin, Asfinawati, Suhadi, and Renata Arianingtyas. Membatasi Tanpa Melanggar - Hak KBB. Yogyakarta: Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies (CRCS), 2019.
Bagir, Zainal Abidin. “Emerging Discourses on Freedom of Religion or Belief in Indonesia,” Interreligious Studies and Intercultural Theology 6, no. 2 (2022): 189–95.
Baharuddin, Elmi Bin, and Zainab Binti Ismail. "7 Domains of spiritual intelligence from Islamic perspective." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 211 (2015): 568-577.
Butt, Simon. “Constitutional Recognition of ‘Beliefs’ in Indonesia,” Journal of Law and Religion 35, no. 3 (2020): 450–73.
Colbran, Nicola. “Realities and Challenges in Realising Freedom of Religion or Belief in Indonesia,” The International Journal of Human Rights 14, no. 5 (2010): 678–704.
Devi, Dwi Ananta. Toleransi Beragama. (Semarang: Alprin, 2020).
Dewi, Mirna Layli. “Heri Yanto Pimpin Peresmian Rumah Ibadah Lintas Agama Unnes.” LINIKAMPUS: Perspektif Intelektual Mahasiswa, 2023.
Efendi, Jonaedi and Johnny Ibrahim, Normative & Empirical Legal Research Methods (Jakarta: Kencana, 2016).
Effendi, Basri. "Supervision and Law Enforcement of Digital Business (E-Commerce) by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) in Unfair Business Competition Practices," Syiah Kuala Law Journal 4, no. 1 (2020): 21–32, https://doi.org/10.24815/sklj.v4i1.16228.
Faqih, Ahmad. “The Role of Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) for Religious Harmony and the Rights of Freedom of Religion or Belief (FoRB),” Religio: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 11, no. 1 (2021): 65–82.
Faridah, Siti. "Religious Freedom and Limits of Tolerance [Kebabasan Beragama dan Batasan Toleransinya]," Lex Scientia Law Review 2, no. 2 (2018): 199–214.
Fatmawati, Fatmawati. "Protection of the Right to Freedom of Worship and Worship in the State," Constitution 8, no. 4 (2011): 489–520.
Hakim, Lukmanul. "Religious Freedom in Islamic Perspective," TAJDID: Journal of Islamic Science and Ushuluddin 20, no. 1 (2017): 39–50, https://doi.org/10.15548/tajdid.v20i1.166.
Hidayat, Rahmat. "Dunia dan Dīn (Agama) di Tengah Arus Globalisasi." Jurnal Studi Agama 4, no. 1 (2020): 35-49.
Husin, Wan Norhasniah Wan, and Haslina Ibrahim. "Religious freedom, the Malaysian constitution and Islam: A critical analysis." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 217 (2016): 1216-1224.
Ishak, Nurfaika. "Religious Tolerance in the Constitution and Guarantees for the Protection of Human Rights." Jurnal Scientia Indonesia 8, no. 1 (2022): 53-70.
Jehanu, Valerianus Beatae. Freedom of Religion or Belief in Indonesia, (Bandung: Parahyangan Catholic University Legal Aid Institute, 2021).
Manese, Rohit Mahatir. "Freedom of Religion and Belief in Indonesia in the Lens of Public Policy," Journal of Governance Innovation 2, no. 1 (2020): 53–67.
Manese, Rohit Mahatir. "Limitation of the Religion and Belief Freedom in Indonesia and Their Implications," Societas Dei: Journal of Religion and Society 8, no. 1 (2021): 85–107.
Marshall, Paul. "The ambiguities of religious freedom in Indonesia." The Review of Faith & International Affairs 16, no. 1 (2018): 85-96.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Legal Research (Jakarta: Kencana Preneda Media Group, 2013).
Marzuki, Suparman. "Politik Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Tentang Kebebasan Beragama Pasca Orde Baru." Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 26, no. 2 (2019): 215-237.
Marzuki, Suparman. "The Politics of Human Rights Law on Post-New Order Religious Freedom," Journal of Law Ius Quia Iustum 26, no. 2 (2019): 215–37.
Maula, Bani Syarif. "Religious freedom in Indonesia: between upholding constitutional provisions and complying with social considerations." Journal of Indonesian Islam 7, no. 2 (2013): 383-403.
Miski, Miski. "Menegakkan HAM “Kultural” (Cultural Rights) Melalui Peran Islam dalam Wacana Pluralisme Agama di Indonesia." Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik 3, no. 2 (2020): 63-73.
Muhaimin, Muhaimin. Legal Research Methods (Mataram: Mataram University Press, 2020).
Mu'ti, Abdul, and Ahmad Najib Burhani. "The limits of religious freedom in Indonesia: with reference to the first pillar Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa of Pancasila." Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 9, no. 1 (2019): 111-134.
Nova, Siska Alfilia, and Laily Mukaromah. “Menagih Realisasi Pembangunan Rumah Ibadah Lintas Agama.” LINIKAMPUS: Perspektif Intelektual Mahasiswa, 2022.
Prasetyani, Rurin Sisilia, and Shally Saniyya Novina. "The Interpretation of Freedom of Religion and Believe: How Do University Understand This to Society?." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 2, no. 1 (2020): 15-28.
Purba, Iman Pasu and Permai Yudi, "Implementation of Constitutional Guarantees for Freedom of Religion and Belief in Indonesia," JPK (Journal of Pancasila and Citizenship) 4, no. 2 (2019): 40–52.
Puspaningrum, Febrianti Dwi, and Christoper Theovino Adhi. "A Comparative Study of Blasphemy Law in Indonesia and America: Religious and Legal Aspects." Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society 2, no. 1 (2023): 1-34.
Puspitasari et al. “Hak Asasi Manusia Untuk Kebebasan Beragama.” Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai 5, no. 3 (2021): 7304–7309. https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/2144.
Rasyid, Fauzan Ali, Ah Fathonih, Syahrul Anwar, and Ayi Yunus Rusyana. Kontestasi Agama dan Negara: Politik Hukum Penodaan Agama di Asia Tenggara. (Bandung: LP2M UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 2020).
Sari, Desika Arum. "The Doctrine of Belief as a Vulnerable Group: How do the Human Rights Laws Accommodate this Group?." Unnes Law Journal 5, no. 2 (2019): 165-182.
Setyawan, Nathanael Bagas, and Ridwan Arifin. "Analisis Perlindungan Terhadap Toleransi Kebebasan Beragama di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia." Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari'ah dan Masyarakat 19, no. 1 (2019): 27-34.
Situmorang, Victorio H. "Kebebasan Beragama Sebagai Bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia." Jurnal HAM 10, no. 1 (2019): 57-68.
Tampubolon, Manotar. “From Protector to Violator: Assessing the State’s Role in Protecting Religious Freedom in Indonesia,” International Journal of Human Rights and Peace Studies, 2016, 46–66.
Utama, Andrew Shandy and Toni Toni, "State Protection of Religious Freedom in Indonesia According to the 1945 Constitution," CIVITAS (Civic Journal of Learning and Science) 6, no. 2 (2020): 12–24.
Zulaikha, Almira Novia. "Analysis of The Judge's Decision Regarding the Blasphemy’s Cases." The Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence 4, no. 2 (2023): 145-162.