Between the Protection and Humanity: The Implementation of Ultimum Remedium Principle in Immigration Cases
Main Article Content
Abstract
Global population mobility has an impact on legal aspects, especially in the case of immigration matters. Increased mobility of migration flows also has various impacts, not only positive but also negative impacts, for example changing the pattern of crime from domestic crime to transnational crime, from individual crime to group crime, from unorganized crime to organized (organized crime). Various administrative and criminal sanctions are applied to many immigration offenders. This paper examines in depth the application of the principle of ultimum remidium in criminal law for criminal acts of immigration in Indonesia. This study aims to find out and understand how the ultimum remedium principle is applied in Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. In addition, this study also aims to find out and understand the factors that cause Immigration Officers to use Administrative Sanction Acts or Criminal sanctions in Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration, as well as to know and understand Immigration law enforcement practices in Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration in Indonesia. This research has confirmed and underlined that the application of administrative sanctions in the form of deportation and fines will complete the immigration legal process quickly, simply and at a modest cost and applying relatively high fines can benefit the country, hence the benchmarks for the principle of ultimum remedium can be applied in the Law Law No. 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration.
Article Details
How to Cite
Bahari, A. (2020). Between the Protection and Humanity: The Implementation of Ultimum Remedium Principle in Immigration Cases. Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services, 2(2), 123-198. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v2i2.38134
Section
Research Article
The Authors(s) retain copyrights of the Article published on Indonesian J. Advoc. Legal Serv. However, before publishing, it is required to obtain written confirmation from Author(s) in order to ensure the originality (Author Statement of Originality). The statement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. This work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
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Putusan Praperadilan Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar Nomor 3/Pid.Pra/2019/PN Dps
Surat Tuntutan Kejaksaan Negeri Kota Tangerang Nomor Reg. Perkara: PDM-493/TNG/7/2018
Surat Tuntutan Kejaksaan Negeri Kota Tangerang Nomor Reg. Perkara: PDM-492/TNG/7/2018
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Hamzah, A. (1995). Delik-Delik Tersebar Di Luar KUHP. Jakarta: PT Pradnya Paramita.
Hamzah, A. (2015). Pre-Trial Justice Discretionary Justice Dalam KUHAP Berbagai Negara. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Saputra, J. (2018a). Data Pencari Suaka dan Pengungsi di Seluruh Indonesia Periode September 2018. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi.
Saputra, J. (2018b). Peran Imigrasi dalam Pengawasan Terhadap Pencari Suaka dan Pengungsi di Indoensia. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi.
Karni, K. (1950). Ringkasan Tentang Hukum Pidana. Jakarta: Balai Buku Indonesia.
Lamintang, P.A.F. (1997). Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Low, C. C., & Mokhtar, K. S. (2017). Deportation Turn in Malaysia: Expansion, Discourse, and Practice. Journal of Population and Social Studies [JPSS], 25(2), 147-166.
Mamudji, S., & Soekanto, S. (1999). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Rajawali Pres.
Marzuki, M. P. (2014). Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenadamedia.
Muladi, M. (1995). Kapita Selekta Hukum Pidana. Semarang: Badan Penerbit UNDIP.
Moeljatno, M. (1955). Perbuatan Pidana dan Pertanggungan Jawab dalam Hukum Pidana. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Nugroho, O. C. (2016). Implementasi Projustitia Terhadap Pengawasan Orang Asing. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hukum dan HAM Kementrian Hukum dan HAM RI.
Othman, M. B. B. (2016). Illegal Immigrant Issue in Malaysia: A Review from An Islamic Perspective. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law,10(4), 33-36. Retrieved from https://www.seajbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/K10_64.pdf
Pujirahayu, E. W. (2017). Pemikiran Hukum Spritual Pluralistik. Yogyakarta: Thafa Media.
Prodjodikoro, W. (2003). Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana di Indonesia. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.
Raharjo, S. (1991). Ilmu Hukum. Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Rosmawati, R. (2015). Perlindungan terhadap Pengungsi/Pencari Suaka di Indonesia (sebagai Negara Transit) menurut Konvensi 1951 dan Protokol 1967. Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 17(3), 457-476.
Sanusi, A. (2017). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Izin Tinggal Keimigrasian (Studi Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I Bandar Lampung). Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 10(2), 388-412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v10no2.676
Santoso, I. (2007). Perspektif Imigrasi Dalam United Nation Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime. Jakarta: Perum Percetakan Negara.
Sinatra, C. F. (2008). “Analisa Yuridis Penerapan Asas Peradilam Sederhana, Cepat dan Biaya Ringan Dalam Tindak Pidana Yang Tercakup Dalam Beberapa Kompetensi Relatif Pengadilan (Studi Kasus: Tindak Pidana Penipuan Atas Nama YBB)â€, Thesis, Universitas Indonesia.
Sihombing, S. (2009). Hukum Imigrasi. Bandung: Nuansa Aulia.
Sjahriful, H. A. (1993). Memperkenalkan Hukum Keimigrasian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Subekti, R. (1989). Hukum Acara Perdata. Bandung: Bina Cipta.
Soekanto, S. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Soemantri, R. H. (1998). Metode Penelitian Hukum dan Jurimateri. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Syahrin, M. A. (2018). The Immigration Crime and Policy: Implementation of PPNS Authorities on Investigation. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies), 3(2), 175-194. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v3i02.27512
Tirtaamidjaja, M.H. (1955). Pokok-Pokok Hukum Pidana. Jakarta: Fasco.
Utrecht. E. (1958). Hukum Pidana 1. Jakarta: Balai Buku Indonesia.
Van Schravendjik, H.J. (1956). Buku Pelajaran Tentang Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Buku Indonesia.
Zaidan, A. (2015). Menuju Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
Laws and Regulation, Legal Documents
Republic of Indonesia. (2011). Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. Stateg Gazette of Republic of Indonesia of 2011 Number 5216. [Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2011 Nomor 5216].
Republic of Indonesia. (1981). Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Law (KUHAP), Year 1981, State Gazette of 1981, Supplement to State Gazette Number 3209. [Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP), Tahun 1981, Lembaran Negara Tahun 1981, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3209].
Republic of Indonesia. (1946). Law Number 1 Year 1946 concerning Criminal Law Regulations (KUHP), Year 1946, State Gazette Year 1946. [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1946 Tentang Peraturan Hukum Pidana (KUHP), Tahun 1946, Lembaran Negara Tahun 1946].
Republic of Indonesia. (2009). Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power, State Gazette of 2009 Number 157. [Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, Lembaran Negara Tahun 2009 Nomor 157].
Republic of Indonesia. (1979). Law Number 1 of 1979 Concerning Extradition, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3130. [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 1979 Tentang Ekstradisi, Lembaran Negara Republik Indoensia Nomor 3130].
Republic of Indonesia. (2006). Law Number 1 of 2006 concerning Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2006 Number 18. [Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2006 Tentang Bantuan Timbal Balik Dalam Masalah Pidana, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2006 Nomor 18].
Republic of Indonesia. (2016). Presidential Regulation Number 21 of 2016 concerning Visit Visa Free, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2016 Number 44. [Peraturan Presiden Nomor 21 Tahun 2016 tentang Bebas Visa Kunjungan, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2016 Nomor 44].
Republic of Indonesia. (1983). Government Regulation Number 27 of 1983 concerning Implementation of the Criminal Procedure Code, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1983 Number 3258. [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 1983 Tentang Pelaksanaan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1983 Nomor 3258].
Republic of Indonesia. (2015). Draft Bill of Procedural Criminal Code of 2015.
Republic of Indonesia. (2016). Government Regulation Number 125 of 2016 concerning Handling of Refugees from Abroad, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2016 Number 368. [Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 125 Tahun 2016 tentang Penanganan Pengungsi Dari Luar Negeri, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2016 Nomor 368].
Japan. (1951). Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act, Cabinet Order No. 319 of October 4, 1951. Available on http://www.immi-moj.go.jp/english/newimmiact/pdf/RefugeeRecognitionAct01.pdf [Japanese version: 出入国管ç†ãŠã‚ˆã³é›£æ°‘èªå®šæ³• (ShutsunyÅ«koku kanri oyobi nanmin nintei-hÅ), available on https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=326CO0000000319].
Malaysia. (1959). Immigration Act 1959/63, available on https://www.imi.gov.my/portal2017/index.php/en/main-services/entry-requirements-into-malaysia/offences-frequently-committed-by-foreigners.html
Malaysia. (1966). Passports Act 1966, available on http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/LOM/EN/Act%20150.pdf
Singapore. (1959) Immigration Act, 1959, available on https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IA1959
Court Judgements
Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Tangerang Nomor 01/Pid.S/2018/PN. TNG.
Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Tangerang Nomor 02/Pid.S/2018/PN. TNG.
Putusan Praperadilan Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar Nomor 3/Pid.Pra/2019/PN Dps
Surat Tuntutan Kejaksaan Negeri Kota Tangerang Nomor Reg. Perkara: PDM-493/TNG/7/2018
Surat Tuntutan Kejaksaan Negeri Kota Tangerang Nomor Reg. Perkara: PDM-492/TNG/7/2018
Online Sources
Badan Statistik Nasional, Jumlah Orang Asing Yang Masuk Negara Indonesia, https://www.bps.go.id/subject/16/pariwisata.html#subjekViewTab1, accessed on 4 April 2019.
BBC, “Donald Trump: Mexico will pay for wall, '100%'â€. BBC-news. Dikutip dari http://www.bbc.com/news/election-us2016-37241284, accessed on 16 March2017.
CNN Indonesia, Warga Negara Indoenesia merupakan pelanggar Keimigrasian terbanyak di Malaysia, https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20190213135232-106-368879/wni-disebut-terbanyak-langgar-imigrasi-malaysia, accessed on 27 March 2018.
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Personal Interviews
Mr. Jaya Saputra, S.H, M.H., as Head of Sub-directorate of Immigration Detention and Deportation of the Directorate General of Immigration of the Republic of Indonesia on December 17, 2018.
Mr. Komang, S.H., M.H., as Head of the Indonesian Immigration Investigation Sub-directorate on January 29, 2019.
Mr. Dilan, S.H., M.H., As Head of the Sub-Directorate for Immigration Enforcement of the Republic of Indonesia on January 29, 2019.
Dr. Ahmad Sofian, S.H., M.A, as an academic from Bina Nusantara University on February 21, 2019.
Mitra Salima Suryono, As UNHCR Associate External Relations, on 20 December 2018.
Ziko Junius Fernando, S.H., M.H., CIL, as an Academician from Palembang University on January 21, 2019.