Advocacy and Protection for Victims of Sexual Violence against Children: Insight from Indonesia's Experience
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research conducts a comprehensive exploration of the nuanced dimensions surrounding the role and protection of victims of sexual violence against children in Indonesia, with a specific focus on Decision Number 28/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Bbs, employing a normative juridical methodology. The study aims to reveal legal intricacies in victim form and protection throughout the judicial proceedings outlined in Decision Number 28/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Bbs, utilizing secondary sources such as laws, regulations, books, legal journal articles, and media coverage. Employing a descriptive analytical approach, the research identifies two pivotal dimensions. Firstly, victims of sexual violence against children in Decision Number 28/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Bbs exhibit vulnerability, easily persuadable traits, and compromised mental and physical conditions. External factors, including determinants of life, personality, and education, further contribute to the complexity of their roles. Secondly, an exploration of victim protection within the decision reveals that not all legally stipulated safeguards are embraced, with the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) providing no support due to a lack of initiative from the family or law enforcement officials. Despite this, non-juridical protections, particularly in health, were identified, such as post-mortem medical treatment. To enhance comprehensiveness, the study incorporates perspectives of advocacy and victim protection, critically examining the efficacy of advocacy initiatives and evaluating existing frameworks for both juridical and non-juridical protection. This comprehensive approach aims to provide a holistic understanding of challenges and opportunities in safeguarding victims of sexual violence against children within the context of Decision Number 28/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Bbs.
Article Details
How to Cite
Krismawati, S., Pratiwi, S. Y., Smith, N. N., & Smith, R. B. (2023). Advocacy and Protection for Victims of Sexual Violence against Children: Insight from Indonesia’s Experience. Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services, 5(2), 207-240. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v5i2.65820
Section
Research Article
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The Authors(s) retain copyrights of the Article published on Indonesian J. Advoc. Legal Serv. However, before publishing, it is required to obtain written confirmation from Author(s) in order to ensure the originality (Author Statement of Originality). The statement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. This work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
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Baindowi, Salimi Muhammad. "Creativity and Innovation of Assistance for Victims of Domestic Violence: Between Law and Practices." Journal of Creativity Student 4, no. 2 (2019): 175-188.
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Candra, Sasmita Adika, Rodliyah Rodliyah, and L. Parman. "The Best Interest of The Child Principle in The Juvenile Justice System." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 4 (2019): 491-505.
Carmody, Moira, and Kerry Carrington. "Preventing sexual violence?." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 33, no. 3 (2000): 341-361.
Damayanti, Fitriani Nur, Absori Absori, and Kelik Wardiono. "Legal Protection Based on Trancendental Perspective Against Child Sexual Abuse in Indonesia." Medico-Legal Update 19, no. 2 (2019): 331-335.
Davies, Michelle, Fehmida Patel, and Paul Rogers. "Examining the roles of victim–perpetrator relationship and emotional closeness in judgments toward a depicted child sexual abuse case." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 28, no. 5 (2013): 887-909.
Davies, Sharyn Graham, and Jazz Robson. "Juvenile (in) justice: children in conflict with the law in Indonesia." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 17, no. 1 (2016): 119-147.
Dhinarta, Aldhito Bagus. "Innovation and Creativity in Handling Cases of Domestic Violence from Victimology Perspective." Journal of Creativity Students 4, no. 2 (2019): 157-174.
Dula, Anastasya Putri Elvira. "Protection for Women Victims of Domestic Violence in Indonesia: A Victimology and Criminology Approach." Law Research Review Quarterly 8, no. 4 (2022): 479-494.
Eigenberg, Helen, and Tammy Garland. "Victim Blaming." Controversies in Victimology 2 (2008): 33-48.
Eleanora, Fransiska Novita, and Andang Sari. "Role and function of Indonesian child protection commission in providing against victims of violence in the street." Jurnal Hukum Prasada 6, no. 2 (2019): 103-108.
Erdianti, Ratri Novita, and Sholahuddin Al-Fatih. "Fostering as an Alternative Sanction for Juveniles in the Perspective of Child Protection in Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 4, no. 1 (2019): 119-128.
Erdianti, Ratri Novita, Wasis Wasis, and Sholahuddin Al-Fatih. "Child Friendly Villages as a Effort To Prevent a Child as Victims and as Perpetrator Crimes." Jurnal Pengabdian Hukum Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Legal Community Engagement) JPHI 5, no. 2 (2022): 284-300.
Faller, Kathleen Coulborn. "The role relationship between victim and perpetrator as a predictor of characteristics of intrafamilial sexual abuse." Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 6 (1989): 217-229.
Finkelhor, David. "Prevention of sexual abuse through educational programs directed toward children." Pediatrics 120, no. 3 (2007): 640-645.
Gelles, Richard J. "Controversies in family preservation programs." In Children Exposed to Domestic Violence. (London: Routledge, 2018), pp. 239-252.
Gelles, Richard J. The Child Protection System. (Oxford: OUP, 2018).
Gelles, Richard J. Intimate Violence in Families. (London: Sage, 1997).
Goff, Colin, and Gilbert Geis. "Thorsten Sellin: Culture Conflict, Crime, and Beyond." In The Origins of American Criminology. (London: Routledge, 2017), pp. 161-174.
Gosita, Arif. "Aspek Hukum Perlindungan Anak dan Konvensi Hak-hak Anak." Era Hukum-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 2 (1999).
Gosita, Arif. Masalah Korban Kejahatan (Jakarta: Akademi Pressindo,1989).
Gravelin, Claire R., Monica Biernat, and Caroline E. Bucher. "Blaming the victim of acquaintance rape: Individual, situational, and sociocultural factors." Frontiers in Psychology 9 (2019): 2422.
Hastuti, Nisrina Sulistya. "Sentencing Proportionality Regarding The Crime of Sexual Violence Against Children (Study Between Decision No. 28/Pid.Sus/2021/Pn.Bbs and Decision No. 869/Pid. Sus/2021/Pn.Ptk)." Thesis (Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2022).
Hidayati, Wilma Rahmah, and Nurhafizah Nurhafizah. "Introduction of sex education to early childhood: to reduce cases of child sexual abuse." Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies 11, no. 1 (2022): 75-82.
Ilyasa, Raden Muhammad Arvy. "Legal and Victimological Perspective on Sexual Violence against Children Cases in Indonesia." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 3, no. 3 (2021): 281-300.
Indah, Rohmani Nur, and Aprilia Mega Rosdiana. "Cultural religious challenges in handling sexual violence cases in Indonesian Islamic institutions." KnE Social Sciences (2020): 132-142.
Kenny, Maureen C., et al. "Child sexual abuse: from prevention to self‐protection." Child Abuse Review: Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect 17, no. 1 (2008): 36-54.
Krisnani, Hetty, and Gisela Kessik, "Analysis of Child Sexual Violence and Its Intervention by Social Work (Case Study of Family Sexual Violence in Lampung)," Focus: Journal of Social Work 2, no. 2 (2019): 198-207.
Lachman, Peter, et al. "Challenges facing child protection." Child abuse & neglect 26, no. 6-7 (2002): 587-617; Munro, Eileen. "Learning to reduce risk in child protection." British Journal of Social Work 40, no. 4 (2010): 1135-1151.
Lyness, Anne M. Prouty, and Kevin P. Lyness. "Feminist issues in couple therapy." Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy 6, no. 1-2 (2007): 181-195.
McLeigh, Jill D., and David Taylor. "The role of religious institutions in preventing, eradicating, and mitigating violence against children." Child Abuse & Neglect 110 (2020): 104313.
Melati, Dwi Putri. "Implementasi Penanganan Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Anak oleh Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia." Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 9, no. 1 (2015).
Mestika, Hana Fairuz. "Juridical Review of Legal Protection of Children from Violence Based on Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection (Case Study in Purwokerto)." The Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence 3, no. 2 (2022): 139-172.
Muhtada, Dani, and Ridwan Arifin. "Penal Policy and the Complexity of Criminal Law Enforcement: Introducing JILS 4 (1) May 2019 Edition." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 4, no. 1 (2019): 1-6.
Muniz, Caitlyn N., and Ráchael A. Powers. "The influence of authority role and victim gender on perceptions of female-perpetrated child sexual abuse." Child Maltreatment 27, no. 4 (2022): 550-560.
Nurhidayah, Ikeu, and Neng Lani Ligina. "The Role of Parents in Preventing Sexual Violence on Elementary School children in Bandung." Jurnal Keperawatan 9, no. 2 (2018): 109-118.
Octaviana, Setyarini Nur. "Child Sexual Abuse in Indonesia: History and Challenge in Legal Perspective." IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 4, no. 1 (2019): 83-92.
Oetomo, Firmansyah Wahyu, and Ferdinan Dwi Setyonegoro. "Police as Perpetrators of Child Sexual Crimes: A Review of Victimology and Criminology (Case Study in Lubuklinggau, South Sumatra, Indonesia." Law Research Review Quarterly 9, no. 1 (2023): 29-52.
O'Grady, Ron. The child and the tourist: the story behind the escalation of child prostitution in Asia. (Bangkok, Thailand: ECPAT, 1992).
Park, Sihyun, and Sin-Hyang Kim. "Who are the victims and who are the perpetrators in dating violence? Sharing the role of victim and perpetrator." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20, no. 5 (2019): 732-741.
Rahmat, Rafi Muhamad. “Sanksi Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan Terhadap Anak Dibawah Umur Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam: Analisis Putusan Nomor 28/Pid. Sus/2021/PN. Bbs”. Dissertation (Bandung: UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 2023).
Republic of Indonesia, Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945 (Ministry of State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia, 1945).
Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning the Protection of Witnesses and Victims (Ministry of State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia, 2006).
Seinfeld, Sofia, et al. "Offenders become the victim in virtual reality: impact of changing perspective in domestic violence." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1 (2018): 2692.
Sellin, Thorsten, and Marvin E. Wolfgang. The Measurement of Delinquency. (London: WILEY, 1964).
Setiawan, Sarno, et al. "Community empowerment on establishment of friendly-village for women and children." Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services 1, no. 1 (2019): 5-22.
Setyowati, Dewi, and Emmilia Rusdiana. "Relevance of Criminal Law Formulation in the Law of Domestic Violence Elimination in Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 5, no. 1 (2020): 95-124.
Simon, June, Ann Luetzow, and Jon R. Conte. "Thirty years of the convention on the rights of the child: Developments in child sexual abuse and exploitation." Child Abuse & Neglect 110 (2020): 104399.
Soeroso, Moerti Hadiati. Domestic Violence in Juridical-Victimological Perspective (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2012).
Stalker, Kirsten, and Katherine McArthur. "Child abuse, child protection and disabled children: A review of recent research." Child Abuse Review 21, no. 1 (2012): 24-40.
Straus, Murray A., Richard J. Gelles, and Suzanne K. Steinmetz. Behind closed doors: Violence in the American family. (London: Routledge, 2017).
Susanto, Joko, and Indah Sri Utari. "Children as victims of sexual violence committed by parents: a criminological perspective." Journal of Law and Legal Reform 1, no. 2 (2020): 353-363.
Susanto, Joko. "Analisis Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak di Bawah Umur (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Brebes Nomor 28/Pid. Sus/2021/PN. Bbs)." Dinamika Hukum 13, no. 1 (2022): 94-112.
Vernon, Robert Fox. "The social construction of sexual violence." Counselling Psychology Quarterly 11, no. 2 (1998): 201-213
Walklate, Sandra, ed. Handbook of Victims and Victimology. (London: Routledge, 2012).
Walsh, Kerryann, et al. "School‐based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse: A systematic review." Campbell Systematic Reviews 11, no. 1 (2015): 1-180.
Waluyo, Bambang. Victimology: Protection of Victims and Witnesses (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2012).
Waluyo, Bambang. Vitikmologi: Perlindungan Korban dan Saksi. (Jakarta, Sinar Grafika, 2022).
Wangi, Yosefin Dika Tyas. "Policy of Development for Juvenile Delinquency in the Perspective of Indonesian Criminal Justice System Reform (Study on Institute for Special Development Children LPKA Kutoarjo, Central Java, Indonesia)." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 2, no. 2 (2017): 85-100.
Wibowo, Adhi. Perlindungan Hukum Korban Amuk Massa (Yogyakarta: Thafa Media, 2013).
Wibowo, Seno Adhi. "Child Sexual Violence and the Violation of Human Rights: The Darkest Side of Law Enforcement in Indonesia." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 2, no.4 (2020): 421-434.
Wicaksono, Muhammad Bagas Ragil, and Ayu Lestari. "Assessing The Rights of Women Victims of Home Violence During The COVID-19 Pandemic." Lex Scientia Law Review 4, no. 2 (2020): 13-24.
Wijaya, Enggal Prayoga. "Knowing Victims to Protect Them, A Book Review “Viktimologi: Perlindungan Korban dan Saksi” Bambang Waluyo, SH, MH, Sinar Grafika Jakarta, 2011, 320 pages, ISBN 978979074378." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 6, no. 2 (2021): 483-490.
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