Implementation of The Siracusa Principles as Foundations for Reformulation of Social Restriction Policies in Public Health Emergencies Law and Public Policy, Human Rights Law
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Published
Apr 26, 2022
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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to implement the Siracusa Principles as the basis for the formulation and evaluation of public policies that have the potential to restrict people's rights and freedoms during social restrictions. This research uses the statutory and conceptual approaches of normative juridical methods as instruments of analysis. The findings of this paper include 667 cases of human rights violations released by LBH Jakarta throughout 2020. There are result of the government's social restriction policy to suppress COVID-19 transmission. Although Article 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) allows governments to restrict certain rights during public emergencies that threaten the life of the nation, states are not allowed to arbitrarily restrict people's rights and freedoms. Therefore, a mechanism is needed that can set restrictions on public rights in a balanced manner. In this regard, the Siracusa Principles can be implemented as a basis for the formulation of public policy through human rights due diligence and evaluating the government's compliance in implementing its policies. The novelty of this paper contains comprehensive discourses and recommendations in reformulating social restriction policies that are less friendly to human rights protection through restrictions on rights proportionally and internationally, and allow for the existence of check and balances mechanisms for the course of public policy. Therefore, with the implementation of the Siracusa Principles can be the basis for establishing restrictions on rights proportionally in order to develop policies of social restrictions and health quarantine that are more friendly to human rights protection and can minimize the occurrence of policy formulation errors that have the potential to violate human rights.
Article Details
How to Cite
Harris, R. F., & Simanjuntak, N. C. (2022). Implementation of The Siracusa Principles as Foundations for Reformulation of Social Restriction Policies in Public Health Emergencies. Unnes Law Journal, 8(1), 39-64. https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v7i1.54504
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Research Article
References
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Fauzia, Ana, Bayu Yusya Al Khori, and Puji Rahayu. “Constitutionality of Implementing Asymmetric Lockdown (Regional Quarantine) When Covid-19 Increases to Accelerate Health Emergency Management”. Law Research Review Quarterly 8, No. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.15294/lrrq.v8i1.54359.
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International Court of Justice, “Statute of International Court of Justice”, 1920, Article 38 (1).
Ivanka, Namira. “Large-Scale Social Restrictions: What’s Next?”. The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 2, No. 2 (2020): 201-214. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijicle.v2i2.38324.
Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia,. Laporan Tahunan KOMNAS HAM 2020: Pemajuan dan Penegakan HAM di Era Pandemi Covid-19. (Jakarta, KOMNAS HAM, 2020).
Komisi untuk Orang Hilang dan Korban Tindak Kekerasan (KontraS), “Catatan Kritis Pendekatan Keamanan dalam Penanganan Pandemi Tak Berhasil dan Harus Dihentikan!”, retrieved from https://kontras.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/FINAL_Catatan_Kritis_Daftar_Langkah_Kontradiktif_Penanganan_Pandemi.pdf
Mubarak, Rema Arya, Chalisa Jasmine Azhima, and Muhammad Pramadiathalla. “Public Government Affairs as an Alternative Mechanism for Handling the COVID-19 Outbreak in Indonesia”. Lex Scientia Law Review 4, No. 2 (2020): 25-38. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v4i2.41317.
Müller, Amrei. “Limitations to and Derogations from Economic, Social and Cultural Rights”. Human Rights Law Review 9, No. 4 (2009): 557-601. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngp027
Nariswari, Yasminna. “Infectious Disease Outbreaks Act and Its Implication for Handling Corona Virus Spreading in Indonesia”. The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 2, No. 3 (2020): 257-270. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijicle.v2i3.38327.
Permatasari, Desi. “Kebijakan Covid-19 dari PSBB hingga PPKM Empat Level”. Kompaspedia Online. (2021), retrieved from https://kompaspedia.kompas.id/baca/infografik/kronologi/kebijakan-covid-19-dari-psbb-hingga-ppkm-empat-level
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Prasetya, Rizki Agung. “COVID-19 Countering Policy: Latest Polemics in Indonesia”. The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 2, No. 3 (2020): 271-286. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijicle.v2i3.38371.
Ramadani, Rizki, Yuli Adha Hamzah, and Arianty Anggraeni Mangerengi. “Indonesia’s Legal Policy During COVID-19 Pandemic: Between the Right to Education and Public Health”. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) 6, No. 1 (2021): 125-156. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i1.43555.
Republic of Indonesia. Instruksi Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 05 Tahun 2022 Tentang Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat Level 3, Level 2, Ddn Level Corona Virus Disease 2019 di Wilayah Jawa dan Bali, Januari 2022.
Republic of Indonesia. Instruksi Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 27 Tahun 2021 tentang Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat Level 4, Level 3, dan Level 2 Corona Virus Disease 2019 di Wilayah Jawa dan Bali
Republic of Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 9 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pedoman Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar Dalam Rangka Percepatan Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)
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Republic of Indonesia. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945
Republic of Indonesia. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengesahan International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak-hak Sipil dan Politik).
Republic of Indonesia. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 1984 tentang Wabah Penyakit Menular
Republic of Indonesia. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Kekarantinaan Kesehatan
Roziqin, Ali, Syasya Y.F. Mas’udi, and Iradhad T. Shidiqi. “An Analysis of Indonesian Government Policies Against COVID-19”. Public Administration and Policy 24, No. 1 (2021): 92-107. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAP-08-2020-0039
Safitri, Eva. Komnas HAM Terima 2.331 Aduan Sepanjang 2021, Tertinggi Terkait Polri. Detik News Online (2021) https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5752092/komnas-ham-terima-2331-aduan-sepanjang-2021-tertinggi-terkait-polri.
Satuan Tugas Penanganan Covid-19. Data Sebaran Penanganan Covid-19 retrieved from https://covid-19.go.id
Slamet, Rizqi. “Indonesia in a Pandemic: A Book Review Bunga Rampai Covid-19: Tinjauan Dari Aspek Kesehatan, Ekonomi Dan Hukum”. Lex Scientia Law Review 5, No. 2 (2021): 137-142. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v5i2.51710.
Steiner, Alston and Goodman (eds). International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals, 3rd eds. (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008).
Stone, Alec Sweet, and Jud Matthews, “Proportionality Balancing and Global Constitutionalism”. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 47, No. 72 (2008): 72-164.
Tim Penulis KontraS. Catatan Hari HAM 2020: HAM dalam Bayang-Bayang Otoritarianisme. (Jakarta, KontraS, 2020).