Pembanjiran Informasi, Asertivitas Seksual dan Kekerasan Seksual di Perguruan Tinggi
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Abstract
Data menunjukkan kampus menempati urutan ketiga lokasi terjadinya tindak kekerasan. Kekerasan seksual terhadap mahasiswa memiliki banyak potensi risiko, baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Edukasi pencegahan kekerasan seksual terbukti membekali pengetahuan kekerasan seksual yang membangun perilaku dan kondisi menolak kekerasan seksual. Upaya edukasi yang dapat diberikan kepada mahasiswa di Perguruan Tinggi adalah pembanjiran informasi dan pelatihan asertivitas seksual. Pembanjiran informasi yang berkaitan dengan gejala-gejala yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kasus-kasus pelecehan atau kekerasan seksual di dunia kampus ini secara intensif dan komprehensif dapat dilakukan agar mahasiswa dapat bersikap waspada dan berhati hati ketika melihat gejala-gejala tersebut dan kemudian memiliki mekanisme alami dalam pencegahan diri sedini mungkin. Upaya berikutnya adalah dengan pelatihan asertivitas seksual. Asertivitas seksual adalah penegasan diri secara seksual atau kemampuan seseorang untuk secara tegas mempertahankan hak seksualnya, untuk menghormati hak orang lain tanpa dilecehkan, dan untuk membuat keputusan seksual tanpa menyakiti orang lain atau pasangannya.
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How to Cite
Rakhmawati, D., Maulida, D., & Yuliejantiningsih, Y. (2022). Pembanjiran Informasi, Asertivitas Seksual dan Kekerasan Seksual di Perguruan Tinggi. Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application, 11(Special Ed), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijgc.v11i2.60831
References
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Febriawati, H., Padila, P., & Anita, B. (2018). Pendidikan Seksual Remaja Melalui Poskesja. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bumi Raflesia, 1(1).
Fensterheim, H., & Baer, J. (1991). Jangan bilang “YA” bila anda akan mengatakan “TIDAK”. Jakarta: Gunung Jati.
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Gauthier-Duchesne A, Hébert M, Blais M. Child Sexual Abuse, Self-esteem, and Delinquent Behaviors During Adolescence: The Moderating Role of Gender. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. March 2021. doi:10.1177/08862605211001466.
Gewirtz-Meydan A, Finkelhor D. Sexual Abuse and Assault in a Large National Sample of Children and Adolescents. Child Maltreat. 2020 May;25(2):203-214. doi: 10.1177/1077559519873975. Epub 2019 Sep 16. PMID: 31526040.
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Maniglio, R. (2015). Significance, nature, and direction of the association between child sexual abuse and conduct disorder: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(3), 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838014526068
Mannika, G. (2018). Studi Deskriptif Terjadinya Kekaerasan Seksual pada Remaja Perempuan. Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya. Vol. 7 No.1.
Mier, C., & Ladny, R. T. (2018). Does self-esteem negatively impact crime and delinquency? A meta-analytic review of 25 years of evidence. Deviant Behavior, 39(8), 1006 1022. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1395667.
Murphy. 2011. Assertiveness How to Stand Up for Yourself and Still Win the Respect of Others. TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall.
Nurgitz, R., Pacheco, R.A., Senn, C.Y., & Hobden, K.L. (2021). The impact of sexual education and socialization on sexual satisfaction, attitudes, and self-efficacy. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 30(2), 265-277. https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/813886.
Poerwandari, E. K. (2000). Kekerasan terhadap perempuan: tinjauan psikologi feministik, dalam Sudiarti Luhulima (ed) “Pemahaman Bentuk-bentuk tindak kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan alternative pemecahannya”, Jakarta: Kelompok kerja “convention watch” Pusat Kajian Wanita dan Jender, Universitas Indonesia.
Politoff, V., et.al., (2019). Young Australians’ attitudes to violence against women and gender equality: Findings from the 2017 National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey (NCAS) (ANROWS Insights, Issue 01/2019). Sydney: ANROWS.
Rakhmawati, D., Maulia, D., & Yuliejatiningsih, Y. (2020). Upaya Mencegah Kekerasan Seksual Melalui Pendidikan Keluarga Pada Program Bina Keluarga Balita. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Terapan, 4(1), 1-13.
Rakhmawati, D., Maulia, D., & Dewanto, F. M. (2020, March). The Use of Internet Mapping on Parents of Early Children in Industrial Era 4.0. In 2nd International Conference on Education and Social Science Research (ICESRE 2019) (pp. 66-69). Atlantis Press.
Rickert, V.I., Sanghvi, R., & Wiemann, C.M. (2002). Is lack of sexual assertiveness among adolescent and young adult women a cause of concern? Perspective on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 34, 178-183.
Rinta, L. (2015). Pendidikan seksual dalam membentuk perilaku seksual positif pada remaja dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan psikologi remaja. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 21(3), 163-174.
Rupali; Arashpreet Kaur Chhina; Sanjay Gupta; Seema Grover; Shivani; Sahil Chhabra. 2018. Study To Assess Perception And Need Assessment Of Sex Education Among School Going Adolescents. HECS International Journal of Community Health and Medical Research. Vol. 4 (4).
Schry, A.R., & White, S.W. (2013). Sexual assertiveness mediates the effect of social interaction anxiety on sexual victimization risk among college women. Behavior Therapy, 44, 125-136.
Siva, V. K., Nesan, G., & Jain, T. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and perception of sex education among school going adolescents in urban area of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 10(1), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1650_20.
WHO. (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women. Geneva.
Zerubavel, N. (2010). Barriers to sexual assertiveness in college women: a focus on fear of sexual powerlessness and emotion dysregulation. Unpublished thesis. Miami University Oxford, OH
Apell, S., Marttunen, M., Fröjd, S., & Kaltiala, R. (2019). Experiences of sexual harassment are associated with high self-esteem and social anxiety among adolescent girls. Nordic Journal Of Psychiatry, 73(6), 365-371.https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2019.1640790.
Depraetere, J., Vandeviver, C., Beken, T. V., & Keygnaert, I. (2018). Big boys don’t cry: A critical interpretive synthesis of male sexual victimization. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018816979
Dziech, B. W. & Weiner, L. (1990) The Lecherous Professor: Sexual Harassment on Campus, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
Falah, P.N. (2009). Hubungan antara perilaku asertif dengan perilaku seksual remaja putri. Skripsi (tidak diterbitkan). Surakarta: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Febriawati, H., Padila, P., & Anita, B. (2018). Pendidikan Seksual Remaja Melalui Poskesja. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bumi Raflesia, 1(1).
Fensterheim, H., & Baer, J. (1991). Jangan bilang “YA” bila anda akan mengatakan “TIDAK”. Jakarta: Gunung Jati.
Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Ormrod, R., & Hamby, S. L. (2009). Violence, abuse, and crime exposure in a national sample of children and youth. Pediatrics. 124, 1411–1423. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0467.
Gauthier-Duchesne A, Hébert M, Blais M. Child Sexual Abuse, Self-esteem, and Delinquent Behaviors During Adolescence: The Moderating Role of Gender. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. March 2021. doi:10.1177/08862605211001466.
Gewirtz-Meydan A, Finkelhor D. Sexual Abuse and Assault in a Large National Sample of Children and Adolescents. Child Maltreat. 2020 May;25(2):203-214. doi: 10.1177/1077559519873975. Epub 2019 Sep 16. PMID: 31526040.
Komnas Perempuan. (2021). Perempuan Dalam Himpitan Pandemi:
Lonjakan Kekerasan Seksual, Kekerasan Siber, Perkawinan Anak, Dan Keterbatasan Penanganan di Tengah Covid-19. Catatan Tahunan (2020).
Loney-Howes, R., MacPhail, C., Hanley, N., & Fabrianesi, B. (2021). Youth Attitudes to Domestic and Family Violence: A Scoping Review of Young People’s Attitudes and Perceptions in Australia. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 15248380211036054.
Maniglio, R. (2015). Significance, nature, and direction of the association between child sexual abuse and conduct disorder: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 16(3), 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838014526068
Mannika, G. (2018). Studi Deskriptif Terjadinya Kekaerasan Seksual pada Remaja Perempuan. Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya. Vol. 7 No.1.
Mier, C., & Ladny, R. T. (2018). Does self-esteem negatively impact crime and delinquency? A meta-analytic review of 25 years of evidence. Deviant Behavior, 39(8), 1006 1022. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1395667.
Murphy. 2011. Assertiveness How to Stand Up for Yourself and Still Win the Respect of Others. TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall.
Nurgitz, R., Pacheco, R.A., Senn, C.Y., & Hobden, K.L. (2021). The impact of sexual education and socialization on sexual satisfaction, attitudes, and self-efficacy. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 30(2), 265-277. https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/813886.
Poerwandari, E. K. (2000). Kekerasan terhadap perempuan: tinjauan psikologi feministik, dalam Sudiarti Luhulima (ed) “Pemahaman Bentuk-bentuk tindak kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan alternative pemecahannya”, Jakarta: Kelompok kerja “convention watch” Pusat Kajian Wanita dan Jender, Universitas Indonesia.
Politoff, V., et.al., (2019). Young Australians’ attitudes to violence against women and gender equality: Findings from the 2017 National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey (NCAS) (ANROWS Insights, Issue 01/2019). Sydney: ANROWS.
Rakhmawati, D., Maulia, D., & Yuliejatiningsih, Y. (2020). Upaya Mencegah Kekerasan Seksual Melalui Pendidikan Keluarga Pada Program Bina Keluarga Balita. Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Terapan, 4(1), 1-13.
Rakhmawati, D., Maulia, D., & Dewanto, F. M. (2020, March). The Use of Internet Mapping on Parents of Early Children in Industrial Era 4.0. In 2nd International Conference on Education and Social Science Research (ICESRE 2019) (pp. 66-69). Atlantis Press.
Rickert, V.I., Sanghvi, R., & Wiemann, C.M. (2002). Is lack of sexual assertiveness among adolescent and young adult women a cause of concern? Perspective on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 34, 178-183.
Rinta, L. (2015). Pendidikan seksual dalam membentuk perilaku seksual positif pada remaja dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan psikologi remaja. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 21(3), 163-174.
Rupali; Arashpreet Kaur Chhina; Sanjay Gupta; Seema Grover; Shivani; Sahil Chhabra. 2018. Study To Assess Perception And Need Assessment Of Sex Education Among School Going Adolescents. HECS International Journal of Community Health and Medical Research. Vol. 4 (4).
Schry, A.R., & White, S.W. (2013). Sexual assertiveness mediates the effect of social interaction anxiety on sexual victimization risk among college women. Behavior Therapy, 44, 125-136.
Siva, V. K., Nesan, G., & Jain, T. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and perception of sex education among school going adolescents in urban area of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 10(1), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1650_20.
WHO. (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women. Geneva.
Zerubavel, N. (2010). Barriers to sexual assertiveness in college women: a focus on fear of sexual powerlessness and emotion dysregulation. Unpublished thesis. Miami University Oxford, OH