Legal Culture and Legal Consciousness of Consumers: The Influence on Regulation and Enforcement of Consumer Protection Laws
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Published
Nov 24, 2023
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Abstract
Consumer protection, vital for those who consume goods and services without the intent of resale, relies on government intervention through regulatory frameworks. These regulations play a pivotal role in shaping consumer behavior, referred to globally as consumer legal culture, influenced by diverse societal backgrounds. The effectiveness of such regulations depends on alignment with consumer values. This article scrutinizes consumer behavior in Indonesia, Spain, and Australia, each characterized by unique cultures impacting consumer conduct and regulatory development. In Indonesia, consumer behavior diverges, displaying a tendency toward weaker self-protection. Despite cultural diversity, consumer awareness of product scrutiny is deficient. Affordability often outweighs safety and quality considerations, reflecting a broader trend. Legal awareness is low due to insufficient education on consumer rights. Weaknesses in consumer protection regulations and inconsistent enforcement contribute to perceptions of inadequate safeguards. Globally, varied social and cultural conditions shape consumer behavior, emphasizing the common challenge of fostering awareness for product safety and quality. The article underscores the need for culturally sensitive approaches in formulating and enforcing consumer protection measures to address diverse challenges. In summary, understanding consumer behavior in distinct cultural contexts is crucial for effective consumer protection, necessitating tailored regulatory strategies to ensure product safety and quality on a global scale.
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How to Cite
Fibrianti, N., Santoso, B., Setyowati, R., & Rindyawati, Y. (2023). Legal Culture and Legal Consciousness of Consumers: The Influence on Regulation and Enforcement of Consumer Protection Laws. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 8(2), 1267-1310. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v8i2.69336
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Research Articles
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Maharani, Alfina, and Adnand Darya Dzikra. “Fungsi Perlindungan Konsumen dan Peran Lembaga Perlindungan Konsumen di Indonesia: Perlindungan, Konsumen dan Pelaku Usaha (Literature Review).” Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi 2, no. 6 (2021): 659-666. https://doi.org/10.31933/jemsi.v2i6.607.
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Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo, and Nabbilah Amir. “Peran Pengawasan Pemerintah Dan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan (BPOM) Dalam Peredaran Obat Palsu Di Negara Indonesia (Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Dan Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengurus Obat Dan Makanan).” Perspektif Hukum, 2021. https://doi.org/10.30649/ph.v21i2.16.
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Mulyawan, Adam, and Puti Priyana. “Perlindungan Hak Cipta Desain Grafis Pada Usaha Print on Demand.” Jurnal Kertha Semaya 9, no. 8 (2021): 1488–1500.
Nottage, Luke R. “ASEAN Product Liability and Consumer Product Safety Regulation: Comparing National Laws and Free Trade Agreements.” Sydeny Law School Research Paper 15, no. 7 (2015). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2562695.
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Oliver, Justin, and Paul Schoff. “Agency and Competition Law in Australia Following ACCC v Flight Centre Travel Group.” Journal of European Competition Law and Practice, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpx026.
Pranita, Ni Kadek Puspa, and I Wayan Suardana. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Pengguna Layanan Fintech (Financial Technology).” Jurnal Kertha Semaya 7, no. 2 (2019): 1-16.
Purba, Iman Pasu. “Penguatan Budaya Hukum Masyarakat Untuk Menghasilkan Kewarganegaraan Transformatif.” Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan 14, no. 2 (2017): 146–53.
Rosmawati, Rosmawati, H Mashaal Ng, and H Syamsuddin. “Resolution of Consumer Disputes That Are Certain, Equitable, Effective and Efficient in South Sumatra”. Law Research Review Quarterly 2, no. 3 (2016): 375-388. https://doi.org/10.15294/snh.v2i01.21322.
Rusli, Tami. “Tanggung Jawab Produk Dalam Perlindungan Konsumen.” Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bandar Lampung 7, no. 1 (2012): 79–89.
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Tirtayasa, I Gede, I Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti. “Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Yang Mengandung Zat Berbahaya di Kota Denpasar.” Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 3, no. 1 (2022): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.22225/jkh.3.1.4224.1-5.
Waliden, Ibnu Alwaton Surya, Selvia Fitri Maulida, and Mochammad Agus Rachmatulloh. “Tinjauan Asas Equalty Before the Law Terhadap Penegakan Hukum Di Indonesia.” Verfassung: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara 1, no. 2 (2022): 123-142. https://doi.org/10.30762/vjhtn.v1i2.186.
Yuanitasari, Deviana, and Helitha Novianty Muchtar. “Aspek Hukum Standarisasi Produk di Indonesia dalam Rangka Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 25, no. 3 (2018): 538-555. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol25.iss3.art6.
Anggraeni, Dita, Cindy Firantika Nabila, and Shely Nasya Putri. “Problematika Budaya Hukum Konsumen Dalam Transaksi Online.” Mu’amalah Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 2, no. 1 (2022): 109-121.
Antoni, Antoni. “Menuju Budaya Hukum (Legal Culture) Penegak Hukum Yang Progresif.” Nurani: Kajian Syari’ah dan Masyarakat 19, no. 2 (2019): 237-250.
Bofarull, Ignacio Uriarte. “The Spanish Act on the Protection of the Rights of Consumers and Users.” Journal of Consumer Policy 8, no. 2 (1985): 169-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380499.
Budianto, Edy, and Diah Ayu Wulandari. “Critical Study of Criminal Aspects of Law Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection”. Journal of Law and Legal Reform 1, no. 2 (2020): 333-352. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v1i2.36623.
Conde Gallego, Beatriz. “Unilateral Refusal To License Indispensable Intellectual Property Rights.” Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and Competition Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008).
Cruz Montesino, Yoandry, Reinier Bosmenier Cruz, and Sandys Menoya Zayas. “La Protección Al Consumidor En Las Cooperativas No Agropecuarias. Aproximación a Un Caso de Estudio.” Protection to Consumer in Nonagricultural and Livestock Cooperatives. Approach to a Case Study. 8, no. 2 (2020): 197-212.
Dinanti, Dinda, Muthia Sakti, Indira Putri Irfani, and Sinta Ana Pramita. “Politics of Law for the Protection of Debtors ss Consumers in Fintech Based Loaning Services”. Unnes Law Journal 6, no. 2 (2020): 427-444. https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v6i2.40349.
Ferrer, Adria, and Carlos Garcia Gutierrez. “Legal and Consumer Requirements in ASEAN Countries.” SAE Technical Papers 2, (2014). https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2027.
Ghosh, Dilip. “Food Safety Regulations in Australia and New Zealand Food Standards.” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 94, no. 10 (2014): 1970-1973. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6657.
Giri Putri, Pande Ratih Anggaraini, I Ketut Westra, and Ida Bagus Putu Sutama. “Pengawasan Terhadap Peredaran Makanan Impor Yang Tidak Bersertifikasi Halal Oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM).” Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 7, no. 1 (2019): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.24843/km.2018.v07.i01.p12.
Guston, David. “Food Standards Australia New Zealand.” In Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Society, 2012. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412972093.n134.
Gutierrez, Javier. “Consumer Protection in Spain.” Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business, no. 33 (2011): 235–302.
Hapsari, Lusy Azizah, Aprilia Puri Astuti, and Aflit Nuryulia Praswati. “Konsumsi Makanan Dan Olahraga Selama Pandemi Covid 19.” Proceeding of the URECOL, 2020.
Hardy, Tess, and Shae McCrystal. “The Importance of Competition and Consumer Law in Regulating Gig Work and Beyond.” Journal of Industrial Relations 64, no. 5 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1177/00221856211068868.
Jusmadi, Rhido. “The Existence of Digital Platforms and the Challenges in Enforcement of Indonesian Competition Law”. Unnes Law Journal 9, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v9i1.63114.
Khon, Dennis Wye Keen, Muhammad Iqbal Baiquni, and Waspiah Waspiah. “Two Decades of Business Competition Law: How Has Indonesian Competition Law Transformed?” Journal of Private and Commercial Law 7, no. 1 (2023): 45–68. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpcl.v7i1.44355.
Lawrence, Mark Andrew, Christina Mary Pollard, and Tarun Stephen Weeramanthri. “Positioning Food Standards Programmes to Protect Public Health: Current Performance, Future Opportunities and Necessary Reforms.” Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 5 (2019): 912-926. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018003786.
Lianos, Ioannis. “Competition Law as a Form of Social Regulation.” Antitrust Bulletin 65, no. 1 (2020): 3-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003603X19898626.
Lianos, Ioannis. “Value Extraction and Institutions in Digital Capitalism: Towards a Law and Political Economy Synthesis for Competition Law.” European Law Open 1, no. 4 (2022): 852-890. https://doi.org/10.1017/elo.2023.2.
Lucadou-Wells, Rosemary, and John F. Bourke. “Teaching Business Law: Some Ethical Dimensions from Australia.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 209 (2015): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.264.
Maharani, Alfina, and Adnand Darya Dzikra. “Fungsi Perlindungan Konsumen dan Peran Lembaga Perlindungan Konsumen di Indonesia: Perlindungan, Konsumen dan Pelaku Usaha (Literature Review).” Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi 2, no. 6 (2021): 659-666. https://doi.org/10.31933/jemsi.v2i6.607.
Marilang, Muhammad Majdy Amiruddin, and Abdul Syatar. “Economic Democracy: Examining the Law Enforcement of Business Competition in Indonesia.” WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics 18 (2021): 1255-1262. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.116.
Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo, and Nabbilah Amir. “Peran Pengawasan Pemerintah Dan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan (BPOM) Dalam Peredaran Obat Palsu Di Negara Indonesia (Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Dan Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengurus Obat Dan Makanan).” Perspektif Hukum, 2021. https://doi.org/10.30649/ph.v21i2.16.
Materne-Smith, Henry. “Food for Thought: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Hj Heinz Company Australia Limited.” Adelaide Law Review 40, no. 3 (2019): 891-903.
Mulyawan, Adam, and Puti Priyana. “Perlindungan Hak Cipta Desain Grafis Pada Usaha Print on Demand.” Jurnal Kertha Semaya 9, no. 8 (2021): 1488–1500.
Nottage, Luke R. “ASEAN Product Liability and Consumer Product Safety Regulation: Comparing National Laws and Free Trade Agreements.” Sydeny Law School Research Paper 15, no. 7 (2015). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2562695.
O’Brien, Erin. “Human Trafficking and Heroic Consumerism.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 7, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i4.430.
Oliver, Justin, and Paul Schoff. “Agency and Competition Law in Australia Following ACCC v Flight Centre Travel Group.” Journal of European Competition Law and Practice, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpx026.
Pranita, Ni Kadek Puspa, and I Wayan Suardana. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Pengguna Layanan Fintech (Financial Technology).” Jurnal Kertha Semaya 7, no. 2 (2019): 1-16.
Purba, Iman Pasu. “Penguatan Budaya Hukum Masyarakat Untuk Menghasilkan Kewarganegaraan Transformatif.” Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan 14, no. 2 (2017): 146–53.
Rosmawati, Rosmawati, H Mashaal Ng, and H Syamsuddin. “Resolution of Consumer Disputes That Are Certain, Equitable, Effective and Efficient in South Sumatra”. Law Research Review Quarterly 2, no. 3 (2016): 375-388. https://doi.org/10.15294/snh.v2i01.21322.
Rusli, Tami. “Tanggung Jawab Produk Dalam Perlindungan Konsumen.” Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bandar Lampung 7, no. 1 (2012): 79–89.
Silambi, Erni Dwita, Nurwita Ismail, Yuldiana Zesa Azis, Nurul Widhanita Y. Badilla, and Poetri Enindah Suradinata. “Legal Protection for Availability, Quality Food Safety and Food Waste Management.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1107 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1107/1/012081.
Simanjuntak, Mariana, and I Made Sukresna. “Peningkatan Kinerja Pemasaran Digital Melalui Technology Acceptance Model.” Prosiding Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar 11, no. 1 (2020).
Serrano, Luis María Miranda, Javier Pagador López, José Manuel Serrano Cañas, Antonio Casado Navarro, Pedro Mario González Jiménez. Desafíos del regulador mercantil en materia de contratación y competencia empresarial. (Marcial Pons, 2021). https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2zp4xr1
Sousa, José de, Thierry Mayer, and Soledad Zignago. “Market Access in Global and Regional Trade.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 42, no. 6 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2012.07.011.
Sudjana. “Penerapan Sistem Hukum Menurut Lawrence W Friedman Terhadap Efektivitas Perlindungan Desain Tata Letak Sirkuit Terpadu Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2000.” Al Amwal (Hukum Ekonomi Syariah) 2, no. 1 (2019): 78–94.
Takdir, Takdir. “Peran Budaya Hukum dalam Mencapai Tujuan Hukum di Masyarakat.” Maddika: Journal of Islamic Family Law 3, no. 1 (2022): 35-46.
Tirtayasa, I Gede, I Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti. “Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Yang Mengandung Zat Berbahaya di Kota Denpasar.” Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 3, no. 1 (2022): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.22225/jkh.3.1.4224.1-5.
Waliden, Ibnu Alwaton Surya, Selvia Fitri Maulida, and Mochammad Agus Rachmatulloh. “Tinjauan Asas Equalty Before the Law Terhadap Penegakan Hukum Di Indonesia.” Verfassung: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara 1, no. 2 (2022): 123-142. https://doi.org/10.30762/vjhtn.v1i2.186.
Yuanitasari, Deviana, and Helitha Novianty Muchtar. “Aspek Hukum Standarisasi Produk di Indonesia dalam Rangka Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 25, no. 3 (2018): 538-555. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol25.iss3.art6.