Gambaran Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Akademisi Universitas: Sebuah Tinjauan dengan Pendekatan Salutogenesis Perma
(1) Jurusan Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
(2) Jurusan Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Abstract
Berbagai studi terhadap akademisi selama ini lebih banyak berfokus pada pendekatan patogenesis seperti penanganan stres atau beban kerja. Sementara itu, studi melalui kerangka salutogenesis seperti well-being masih jarang dilakukan, padahal hal tersebut penting untuk penguatan ketahanan psikologis dan peningkatan batas toleransi stres. Maka dari itu, riset kali ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengkaji kualitas well-being pada dosen dengan menggunakan konstruk PERMA: positive emotions, engagement, relationship, meaning dan accomplishment. Dalam penelitian ini, The PERMA Profiler digunakan untuk mengukur kesejahteraan psikologis 159 dosen UPI (pria= 50,31%; perempuan= 39,62%; tidak teridentifikasi= 10,06%) yang dipilih secara aksidental dari delapan fakultas. Hasil uji deskriptif menggambarkan bahwa mayoritas akademisi di UPI memiliki kualitas well-being yang cukup adekuat. Selain itu, analisis korelasional dengan menggunakan pearson pada setiap dimensi menunjukkan bahwa semua pilar PERMA dan well-being memiliki korelasi kuat dengan nilai paling signifikan ada pada relationship (r = .873; p < .01). Di sisi lain, kesepian pada dosen tidak ada hubungannya dengan well-being, namun berkaitan erat dengan emosi negatif (r = .630; p < .01). Dinamika well-being pada dosen serta implikasinya terhadap institusi akademik dibahas lebih lanjut.
There are plenty of studies on academicians that focus on pathogenic approaches, such as work stress treatment or workload burden. Meanwhile, only a few types of research implemented salutogenic framework like well-being, whereas this kind of approach is crucial to bolster the psychological strength and escalate the line of stress tolerance. Therefore, this study aims to dive in and examine the quality of an academician’s well-being in the university using five constructs called PERMA: positive emotions, engagement, relationship, meaning, and accomplishment. The PERMA Profile was used to measure psychological well-being of 159 lecturer in UPI (man= 50, 31%; woman= 39,62%; unidentified= 10,06%) that was chosen by accidental sampling from eight faculties. The descriptive analysis depicted that most academicians in UPI have adequate well-being. Besides, correlational analysis using Pearson on each dimension showed that all pillars of PERMA and well-being had a strong correlation with the most significant value was on "relationship" (r = .873; p < .01). On the other hand, loneliness in academicians did not correlate with well-being, yet had a close relation with negative emotions (r= .630; p<.01). The dynamics of an academician’s well-being and its implication toward the institution are discussed.
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