Analisis Proses dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Matematika Melalui Tugas Open-Ended
Abstract
Berpikir kreatif merupakan masalah penting dalam belajar matematika. Banyak guru di sekolah dasar atau menengah masih kurang memperhatikan kemampuan ini. Dengan mengetahui kemampuan dan proses berpikir kreatif siswa guru memperolah wawasan yang luas tentang potensi dan bakat yang dimiliki siswa-siswinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses berpikir kreatif dan kemampuan siswa melalui tugas open-ended. Siswa yang akan dianalisis proses berpikir kreatifnya dikategorikan sebagai: a) siswa berkemampuan berpikir kreatif tinggi; b) siswa berkemampuan berpikir kreatif sedang; dan c) siswa berkemampuan berpikir kreatif rendah. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif menekankan pada aspek kelancaran, keluwesan, keaslian, dan keterincian, sementara proses berpikir kreatif meliputi tahap: 1) mengetahui adanya masalah, kesenjangan informasi, unsur yang hilang, 2) memahami masalah, 3) membuat dugaan dan merumuskan hipotesis, 4) menguji hipotesis dan evaluasi; 5) mengkomunikasikan ide. Beberapa hal yang penulis lakukan pada saat penelitian adalah: merancang kegiatan pembelajaran melalui pembelajaran open-ended untuk membiasakan siswa dengan soal open-ended; memberikan tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif menggunakan soal open-ended; menentukan subyek penelitian sebagai wakil dari masing-masing kategori; melakukan wawancara mendalam untuk membuat triangulasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berupa pola berpikir kreatif siswa kategori tinggi sebanyak 20% dari jumlah siswa, sedang sebanyak 33,33%, dan rendah sebanyak 46,67%.
Creative thinking is an important problem in learning mathematics. Many teachers in primary or secondary schools still pay little attention to this ability. By knowing the abilities and creative thinking processes of students, teachers obtain broad insights about the potential and talents of their students. This study aims to analyze the process of creative thinking and students' abilities through open-ended assignments. Students who will be analyzed their creative thinking processes are categorized as: a) students with high creative thinking abilities; b) students who are able to think creatively; and c) students with low creative thinking ability. The ability to think creatively emphasizes the aspects of fluency, flexibility, authenticity, and detail, while the creative thinking process includes the stages: 1) knowing that there are problems, information gaps, missing elements, 2) understanding the problem, 3) making guesses and formulating hypotheses, 4) test hypotheses and evaluations; 5) communicating ideas. Some things that the writer did at the time of the study were: designing learning activities through open-ended learning to familiarize students with open-ended questions; provide tests of creative thinking skills using open-ended questions; determine the research subjects as representatives of each category; conduct in-depth interviews to make data triangulation. The results of this study are in the form of creative thinking patterns of high category students by 20% of the number of students, moderate by 33.33%, and low by 46.67%.
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