PERAN MODAL SOSIAL DALAM KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT NELAYAN TAMBAK LOROK SEMARANG UTARA

Abstract

Social capital is one of the resources that exist in the community, limited resources, both capital and infrastructure, faced by fishermen can affect the dynamics of fishery business and welfare. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The results showed that: 1) the capture fishery business of the Tambak Lorok fishermen was not fully optimal, where there were sub-systems that did not function properly such as the infrastructure unit and the marketing unit. 2) The existing social capital in the Tambak Lorok fishing community is in the form of trust between fishermen and middlemen in providing capital loans. Good relations between fishermen are seen in an emergency condition when a disaster occurs at sea, so that fellow fishermen help each other regardless of their identity of origin. The participation of fishermen in community activities through Joint Business Groups and local traditional events. The sea alms tradition shows the values ​​that exist in fishing communities, namely religious values, cooperation values, and mutual cooperation values, but the value of environmental conservation needs further attention. The social norms that guide the group are in the form of rules related to the equitable distribution of government assistance, if they violate the principle, they will be given sanctions in the form of threats. Suggestions in this study are the need for policies related to the protection of the selling price of the catch and education related to the conservation value of natural resources.

Modal sosial merupakan salah satu sumber daya yang ada dimasyarakat, keterbatasan sumber daya baik modal maupun prasarana, yang dihadapi nelayan dapat mempengaruhi dinamika usaha perikanan dan kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) usaha perikanan tangkap nelayan Tambak Lorok belum sepenuhnya optimal, dimana terdapat sub sistem yang belum berfungsi semestinya seperti unit prasarana dan unit pemasaran. 2) Modal sosial yang ada di masyarakat nelayan Tambak Lorok berupa kepercayaan antara nelayan dengan tengkulak dalam memberikan pinjaman modal. Hubungan baik antar nelayan terlihat dalam kondisi yang darurat saat terjadi musibah dilaut, sehingga sesama nelayan saling membantu tanpa memandang identitas asal. Partisipasi nelayan dalam kegiatan masyarakat melalui Kelompok Usaha Bersama maupun acara tradisi setempat. Tradisi sedekah laut menunjukkan nilai-nilai yang ada di masyarakat nelayan yaitu nilai religius, nilai kerjasama, dan nilai gotong royong, akan tetapi nilai konservasi lingkungan perlu diperhatikan lebih lanjut. Adapun norma sosial yang menjadi pedoman kelompok berupa aturan terkait pemerataan distribusi bantuan pemerintah, apabila melanggar prinsip akan diberikan sanksi berupa ancaman. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah perlunya kebijakan terkait perlindungan harga jual hasil tangkapan dan edukasi terkait nilai konservasi sumber daya alam.