Character Education Model in Wayang Kulit for Early Childhood
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v24i2.9625Keywords:
character education model; wayang kulit; early childhoodAbstract
This study explains the character education model in wayang kulit art for early childhood (5 to 6 years old) as one support to form their future personality. This study is based on an action research approach to improve character quality to be better than before. The subjects are male or female students following and understanding character education through wayang kulit. The action method transforms adult puppet into children, concludes figures with positive character, and is responsible for early childhood to be actively involved in education and wayang kulit. The results show that positive character education, such as diligence, sincerity, firmness, helpful, determination, wiseness, humility, fairness, and friendliness, is found in human and animal children characters named Punta, Sena, Juna, Pinten, Tangsen, Bledug, and Belo which follows the child's developmental level rapidly advancing towards the future, and it can be used in the early childhood and kindergarten education environment nationally and internationally. Thus, much support is needed from children's educational institutions and wayang kulit arts, i.e., Kemdikbudristek (Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia), Kemen KPP-PA (Ministry of Women Empowerment and Children Protection of Indonesia), SENAWANGI (National Secretariat of wayang kulit of Indonesia), PEPADI (Association of Indonesian Wayang Kulit), UNIMA, UNICEF, and UNESCO, to achieve a culture-based character education program.
References
Agustini, N. L. P. R. E. (2021). Character Education for Children in Indonesia. Journal of Educational Study, 1(1), 97-1-2. https://doi.org/10.36663/joes.v1i1.158.
Alan, Ü. (2021). Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Identifying the Needs of Early Childhood Educators. Early Childhood Education Journal, 49 (April), 987-994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01197-y.
Ardoin, N. M., & Bowers, A. W. (2020). Early childhood environmental education: A systematic review of the research literature. Educational research review, 31 (November), 100353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100353.
Ayu, S. M., & Junaidah, J. (2019). Pengembangan Akhlak pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. AL-IDARAH: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 8(2), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.24042/alidarah.v8i2.3092.
Cahyaningrum, E. S., Sudaryanti, S., & Purwanto, N. A. (2017). Pengembangan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Anak usia Dini melalui Pembiasaan dan Ketaladanan. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 6(2) 203-213. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpa.v6i2.17707.
Darling-Churchill, K. E., & Lippman, L. (2016). Early childhood social and emotional development: Advancing the field of measurement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 4, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2016.02.002.
Darmayanti, P., Tegeh, I. M., & Ujianti, R. (2017). Efektivitas Metode Bercerita Dengan Media Boneka Wayang Terhadap Kemampuan Bercakap-Cakap Anak Kelompok B Di TK Widya Sesana Sangsit 2016/2017. Journal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 5(3), 336–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/paud.v5i1.11557.
Devi, & Maisaroh, S. (2017). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Buku Pop-Up Wayang Tokoh Pandhawa Pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Jawa Kelas V SD. Jurnal PGSD Indonesia, 3 (2), 1–16. http://ojs.upy.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jpi/article/view/985.
Diana, R. R., Chirzin, M., Bashori, K., Suud, F. M., & Khairunnisa, N. Z. (2021). Parental engagement on children character education: The influences of positive parenting and agreeableness mediated by religiosity. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(2), 428-443. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i2.39477.
Dwitayasa, I. M. (2020). Mantra Dalam Teks Dharma Pewayangan. Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi, 9(1), 1-14 https://doi.org/10.25078/sp.v9i1.1597.
Halimah, L., Arifin, R. R. M., Yuliariatiningsih, M. S., Abdillah, F., & Sutini, A. (2020). Storytelling through Wayang Golek” puppet show: Practical ways in incorporating character education in early childhood. Cogent Education, 40(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1794495.
Harahap, A. Z. (2021). Pentingnya Pendidikan Karakter Bagi Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Usia Dini. 7(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.24114/jud.v7i2.30585.
Hartati, D. (2019). Pembacaan Heuristik dan Hermeneutik Puisi Indonesia Modern Bertema Pewayangan. DEIKSIS, 11(1), 7-20. 11(01), 7. https://doi.org/10.30998/deiksis.v11i01.3317.
Harun, H., Jaedun, A., Sudaryanti, S., & Manaf, A. (2021). Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini dalam Dimensi Berketuhanan. Jurnal Kependidikan: Penelitian Inovasi Pembelajaran. 4(2), 357-368 https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v4i2.26872.
Hidaya, N., & Aisna, Y. (2020). Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Karakter Bangsa : Literature Review. Jurnal Hawa : Studi Pengarus Utamaan Gender Dan Anak. 2(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.29300/hawapsga.v2i1.2793.
Hidayatullah, A., & Bakhri, S. (2021). Dekonstruksi Karakter Drupadi dalam Pewayangan (Studi Gender dan Living Qur’an Mengenai Poliandri). Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 15(2), 323-445. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v15i2.2147.
Isnaini, F. N., Lestari, D., Krahayon, M. U., & Safitri, H. I. (2018). Edi Surojo Media Pengenalan Kebudayaan Lokal Berbasis Karakter untuk Anak Usia Dini. Yogyakarta: Pendidikan Anak, 17(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpa.v7i1.24445.
Jamilah, S., & Lukman, L. (2021). “Pendidikan Multikultural pada Anak Usia Dini” Pelangi: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Islam Anak Usia Dini E-ISSN 2745-6439 | P-ISSN 2655-593X.
Junaidi dan Dewanto, S. (2018). Anatomi Wayang Kulit Purwa. Yogyakarta: BP ISI Yogyakarta.
Junaidi, Sahid, N., Wicaksana, I. D. K., & Slamet. (2019). “Seni Pertunjukan Wayang Digitalisasi untuk Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini”. Yogyakarta: Laporan Penelitian Konsorsium Riset Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi.
Junaidi, Suseno, B. A., & Aziz, A. (2018). “Wayang untuk Dalang Multi Level Usia sebagai Wahana Pelestarian Seni Tradisional”. SATWIKA: Kajian Ilmu Budaya dan Perubahan Sosial, 2(1), 20-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/js.v2i1.7019.
Junaidi. (2017). “Leadership characters in shadow puppet show”. Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research And Education, 17(2), 181-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v17i2.7731.
Kasmiati, K. (2019). Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini pada Buku Kumpulan Dongeng PAUD Keistimewaan Binatang. INSANIA : Jurnal Pemikiran Alternatif Kependidikan, 24(2), 307-318. . https://doi.org/10.24090/insania.v24i2.3314.
Khairi, Husnuzziadatul. (2018). Karakteristik Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini dari 0-6 Tahun. Jurnal Warna, 2(2), 15-28.
Latifah, A. (2020). Peran Lingkungan Dan Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Raudhatul Athfal (JAPRA). https://doi.org/10.15575/japra.v3i2.8785.
Lumaurridlo, Retnawati, H., Kistoro, H. C. A., & Putranta, H. (2021). School readiness assessment: Study of early childhood educator experience. Elementary Education Online, 20(1), 468-478. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.01.041.
Macari, S., Chen, X., Brunissen, L., Yhang, E., Brennan-Wydra, E., Vernetti, A., Volkmar, F., Chang, J., & Chawarska, K. (2021). Puppets facilitate attention to social cues in children with ASD. Autism Research, 14(9), 175-1985. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2552.
Nazula, L., & Munastiwi, E. (2021). Penguatan Karakter Anak dalam Keluarga dalam Situasi Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v0i1.37648.
Neitzel, J., Early, D., Sideris, J., LaForrett, D., Abel, M. B., Soli, M., Davidson, D. L., Haboush-Deloye, A., Hestenes, L. L., Jenson, D., Johnson, C., Kalas, J., Mamrak, A., Masterson, M. L., Mims, S. U., Oya, P., Philson, B., Showalter, M., Warner-Richter, M., & Kortright Wood, J. (2019). A comparative analysis of the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale–Revised and Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale, Third Edition. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 17(4), 488-422.. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X19873015.
Nuraeni, L., Andrisyah, A., & Nurunnisa, R. (2019). “Efektivitas Program Sekolah Ramah Anak dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Anak Usia Dini”. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i1.204.
O’Keeffe, C., & McNally, S. (2021). “Uncharted territory: teachers’ perspectives on play in early childhood classrooms in Ireland during the pandemic”. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1872668.
Opie, J. E., McIntosh, J. E., Esler, T. B., Duschinsky, R., George, C., Schore, A., Kothe, E. J., Tan, E. S., Greenwood, C. J., & Olsson, C. A. (2021). Early childhood attachment stability and change: a meta-analysis. Attachment and Human Development, 23(6, 697-930. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1800769.
Pabbajah, M., Abdullah, I., Widyanti, R. N., Jubba, H., Alim, N., & Fuller, C. (2020). Student demoralization in education: The industrialization of university curriculum in 4.0. Era Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X. 2020.1779506.
Pandanwangi, W. D., & Nuryantiningsih, F. (2018). “Komik Wayang Anak Pandawa sebagai Media Pendidikan Karakter di Jaman Kekinian”. Journal of Urban Society’s Arts. https://doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v5i1.2208.
Prahmana, R. C. I., & Istiandaru, A. (2021). Learning sets theory using shadow puppet: A study of javanese ethnomathematics. Mathematics, 9(22) 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ math9222938.
Prakoso, MA., D. B. H., Ramadani, Z., & Rahmah, B. (2020). Best Pratices of Character Education in Leading Schools in Bandung. Indonesian Journal of Educational Assesment. https://doi.org/10.26499/ijea.v3i1.61.
Putra, I. G. M. D. (2021). Problematika Teater Pakeliran sebagai Konsep Garap dalam Seni Pewayangan. Panggung, 31(3), 385-400. https://doi.org/10.26742/panggung.v31i3.1714.
Rahiem, M. D. H. (2021). Storytelling in early childhood education: Time to go digital. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy, 15(1) 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-021-00081-x.
Rakoczy, H. (2022). Puppet studies present clear and distinct windows into the child’s mind. Cognitive Development, 61(1), 101147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101147.
Reid-Searl, K., Quinney, L., Dwyer, T., Vieth, L., Nancarrow, L., & Walker, B. (2017). Puppets in an acute paediatric unit: Nurse’s experiences. Collegian, 24(4), 441-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2016.09.005.
Rihlah, J., Kamilah, U., & Shari, D. (2020). Gambaran Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemi covid-19. PAUD Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.31849/paud-lectura.v4i01.4878.
Rohmat, R. (2017). Manajemen Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Studi Islam, Gender Dan Anak. https://doi.org/10.24090/yinyang.v12i2.2017.pp299-325.
Rusli, R. (2020). The Role of Family in Preventing Social Conflict in Society from Islamic Perspectives. HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika, (17(1), 110-122.. https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v17i1.576.104-118.
Sajid, R. M. (1981). Ringkasan sejarah wayang: kutipan dan terjemahan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dari naskah bahasa Jawa, Bauwarna sejarah wayang. (Personal Note).
Seow, W. K. (2018). “Early Childhood Caries.” In Pediatric Clinics of North America”. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2018.05.004.
Setiawan, J. A., Suparno, Sahabuddin, C., Tasrif, & Ramadhan, S. (2020). The role of parents on the character education of kindergarten children aged 5-6 years in bima. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(3), 779-784. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080307.
Shambaugh, R., Weiss, A., & Guha, A. (2016). “Rehearsal: A configuration verification tool for puppet.” ACM SIGPLAN Notices”. https://doi.org/10.1145/2908080.2908083.
Sujarweni, W., V. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Baru Press.
Sulistiyani. (2020). Makna Simbolik Punakawan Pewayangan Jawa. Jurnal Buah Hati, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.46244/buahhati.v7i1.934.
Suyanto, S. (2015). Pendidikan Karakter untuk Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 1(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpa.v1i1.2898.
Tilbrook, A., Dwyer, T., Reid-Searl, K., & Parson, J. A. (2017). A review of the literature – The use of interactive puppet simulation in nursing education and children’s healthcare. Nurse Education in Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2016.12.001.
Ulfa, M. Membangun Kebudayaan Wayang Sebagai Media Bercerita Untuk Anak Usia Dini (0-8 tahun)”. Yogyakarta: Proceedings of The 3rd Annual Conference on Islamic Early Childhood Education, 3, November 2018.
Van der Hoeven, M. L., Widdershoven, G. A. M., van Duin, E. M., Hein, I. M., & Lindauer, R. J. L. (2021). Time for Tony the Turtle: Experiences with the use of a hand puppet in a program for young children in domestic violence shelters. Arts in Psychotherapy, 75(4), 108440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2021.101840.
Wicaksono, S., Djatiprambudi, D., & Yuwana, S. (2020). Wayang sebagai Media Trans-Embodiment dalam Pendidikan Seni dan Budaya pada Anak. Kebudayaan, 15(2), 131-144. https://doi.org/10.24832/jk.v15i2.374.
Wijayanti, A. (2021). Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Modern, 6(3), 130-14.. https://doi.org/10.37471/jpm.v6i03.248.
Winarti, W., & Suryana, D. (2020). Pengaruh Permainan Puppet Fun terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 873-881.. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i2.462.
