The Role of  Female Tutors in the Implementation of   Emergency Drills Education for Child Protectionin Nonformal Childhood

Authors

  • Chandra Asri Windarsih Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia Author
  • Mustofa Kamil Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia Author
  • Elih Sudiapermana Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia Author
  • Silvia C. Ambag Lyceum of The Philippines University and University Researcher, Philippines Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15294/jone.v11i1.16856

Keywords:

role of women; emergency drills; child protection; nonformal Childhood

Abstract

This research examines the role of female tutors in implementing emergency drill education in non-formal childhood institutions and strengthening their role in child protection.

Using a mixed-method sequential exploratory design in Cimahi City, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, document review, and questionnaires.

The findings indicate that female tutors play a crucial role in training children for emergencies, with roles distributed as child caregivers (15%), educators (20%), gender norm resistance (15%), leaders (10%), change agents (10%), internalization (10%), participatory training (13%), and social context contributors (7%). Efforts to strengthen their role include enhancing education and health, promoting women's participation in decision-making, increasing community awareness, and providing child support and protection. However, challenges remain, such as inadequate training and limited understanding of emergency response procedures.

This research highlights the need for continuous training and adequate resources. The contribution lies in emphasizing women's roles in emergency drills as a foundation for policy development.

The novelty of this research is the integration of female tutors' maternal instincts with technical emergency training to enhance child protection in non-formal settings.

References

Al-Barakat, A. A., Al-Hassan, O. M., AlAli, R. M., Al-Hassan, M. M., & Al sharief, R. A. (2023). Role of female teachers of childhood education in directing children towards effective use of smart devices. Education and Information Technologies, 28(6), 7065–7087. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11481-y

Al-Barakat, A. A., Alakashee, B. A., Al Karasneh, S. M., El-Mneizel, A. F., Ahmad, J. F., & Al-Qatawneh, S. S. (2023). Student Teachers’ Motivation toward Participation in the Professional Development Programs. Emerging Science Journal, 7(Special issue 2), 64–78. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-SIED2-06

Anthony, W., Charles, M., Robert, T., Mugenyi, D. K., Namagero, T. S., & Christopher, I. (2022). Does Learners’ School Security and Safety Measures Impact on Learners Academic Performance? Tales with focus on Selected Primary Schools in Majanji Sub-County, Busia District. Research and Advances in Education, 1(6), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.56397/rae.2022.12.02

Arifin, A. S. (2023). Human Capital Investment: Meningkatkan Daya Saing Global Melalui Investasi Pendidikan. Jurnal Education and Development, 11(2), 174–179. https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v11i2.4672

Bartel, B. A., & Naismith, A. K. (2023). Children first: women’s perspectives on evacuation at Fuego volcano and implications for disaster risk reduction. Frontiers in Earth Science, 11(8), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1172867

Behera, C., & Kumar Acharya, A. (2024). Early Childhood Care and Education: A Systematic Literature Review in Indian Context. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT), 9(4), 2493–2500. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/ijisrt24apr2504

Boluarte Drago, A. (2023). Aproximación a algunas raíces filosóficas que influyeron en la Teoría de Género. Phainomenon, 22(2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.33539/phai.v22i2.2920

Catania, F., Spitale, M., Cosentino, G., & Garzotto, F. (2021). Conversational Agents to Promote Children’s Verbal Communication Skills. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 12604 LNCS, 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68288-0_11

Cvetković, V. M., Dragašević, A., Protić, D., Janković, B., Nikolić, N., & Milošević, P. (2022). Fire safety behavior model for residential buildings: Implications for disaster risk reduction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 76(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102981

Disasters, F., Rahman, F. A., Permadi, A., & Hasrian, H. (2024). Meningkatkan Kesiapsiagaan Warga Sekolah dalam Menghadapi Bencana Gempabumi dan Kebakaran di SDN Petukangan Utara 10 Pendahuluan. 1(4), 113–124. https://jurnalrelawan.id/index.php/JRI/article/view/18/19

Engida, Y. M. (2021). The Three Dimensional Role of Education for Women Empowerment. Journal of Social Sciences, 17(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2021.32.38

Erdianti, R. N., Suprayitno, W., & Al-Fatih, S. (2023). Empowering the children’s and women’s forum as an effort to protect children and women from violence. Journal of Community Service and Empowerment, 4(3), 618–622. https://doi.org/10.22219/jcse.v4i3.26817

Fouzia, M., Gillani, D. Q., & Ahmad, S. (2021). Impact of Female Employment and Education on Child Health Care: A Case Study of Pakistan. Journal of Economic Impact, 3(2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.52223/jei30221036

Gao, X., Zhang, J., Zou, R., Li, J., & Cao, Z. (2022). Multi-User Collaborative Virtual Emergency Drill System for Urban Road Emergencies. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 10(3), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-X-3-W2-2022-9-2022

Gupta, S., & McCarthy, P. J. (2022). The sporting resilience model: A systematic review of resilience in sport performers. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003053

Inomo, H., Kawakami, A., Umemoto, M., Takahashi, K., Sasai, Y., Terao, Y., Nakanishi, K., Nakayama, N., Morishita, Y., Inoue, A., Ogura, S., Saito, K., Machigashira, Y., Nakanishi, K., Takahashi, K., Mizushina, H., & Yamamoto, K. (2023). Emergency Drill Using Online Visual System. Proceedings of the International Display Workshops, 30(2), 1418. https://doi.org/10.36463/idw.2023.1418

Johnson, M., & Majewska, D. (2022). Formal, non-formal and informal learning: What are they, and how can we research them? In Cambridge University Press & Assessment Research Report (Issue-9). https://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/Images/665425-formal-non-formal-and-informal-learning-what-are-they-and-how-can-we-research-them-.pdf

Kamwendo, J. (2024). Gendering the Decision-Making Positions in Higher Education: A Cross-Sectional Gender Audit in Three Selected Universities in Malawi. African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v6i1.1426

Khakimovich, A. S., Uktamovich, A. M., & Hamidovich, Q. A. (2023). American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology Carrying Out Emergency Rescue Operations In Case Of American Journal Of Applied Science And Technology. 03(03), 11–17.

Kimura, R., & Aikawa, K. (2024). Proposal for a Disaster Management Drill Program for High School Students Who Have Never Experienced a Disaster to Foster a Sense of “Awareness that Disaster Affects Everyone.” Journal of Disaster Research, 19(1), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2024.p0124

Koch, A., Kozhumam, A., Seeler, E., Docherty, S., & Brandon, D. (2022). Role of Parental Caregiving for Children with Complex Life-Threatening Conditions: A Qualitative Descriptive Analysis. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 36(2), 214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.07.006

Kruczkiewicz, A., Klopp, J., Fisher, J., Mason, S., McClain, S., Sheekh, N. M., Moss, R., Parks, R. M., & Braneon, C. (2021). Opinion: Compound risks and complex emergencies require new approaches to preparedness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(19), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106795118

Kurian, N., Hajir, B., & Kester, K. (2024). Protecting and supporting children and women affected by gender-based violence: the role of education in survivor wellbeing. Journal of Peace Education, 00(00), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2024.2323467

Lang, A., Hauser, T., Angerer, M., & Schernhardt, P. (2024). Maternal characteristics and their relation to early mother-child interaction and cognitive development in toddlers. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586846v1

Lestari (2021). Pengetahuan dalam Penggunaan Sistem Pencegahan Kebakaran dalam Kalangan Penghuni Bangunan Kediaman Bertingkat. … in Management of …, 3(2), 455–466. https://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/rmtb/article/view/9569%0Ahttps://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/rmtb/article/download/9569/2972

Lilianti, L., Bian, Y., Jaya, A., Mokodompit, M., Juhadira, J., & Herlian, H. (2023). Transformasi Siaga Bencana: Membangun Safety Culture melalui Pendidikan Kebencanaan di Satuan PAUD. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(5), 6215–6223. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i5.5348

Lügering, H., Tepeli, D., & Sieben, A. (2023). It’s (not) just a matter of terminology: Everyday understanding of “mass panic” and alternative terms. Safety Science, 163(March), 106123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106123

Mardiana, F., Irmayanti, N., & Kusnadi, S. K. (2023). Transformasi Sosial: Penguatan Ppm Melalui Pelatihan Keterampilan Sosial Dalam Menangani Agresivitas Anak. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Dan Corporate Social Responsibility (PKM-CSR), 6, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.37695/pkmcsr.v6i0.2224

Martínez-Rico, G., Argente-Tormo, J., Calero-Plaza, J., & González-García, R. J. (2024). The role of women in the field of early intervention. Heliyon, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31571

McDonald, P., Coles, L., & Thorpe, K. (2024). How women educators frame the scarcity of men in early childhood education and care. Gender and Education, 36(5), 510–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2024.2357825

Moliterno, N. V., Veiga, E. Q. de O., Tempski, P. Z., Cunha, A. J. L. A. da, Prata-Barbosa, A., & Magalhães-Barbosa, M. C. de. (2024). The perception of the medical student about realistic simulation in pediatrics. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, 48(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-5271v48.1-2022-0392.ing

Nurhasanah, N., & Putra, S. (2023). Mother Figure in Children’s Education. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(6), 7073–7078. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i6.5467

Peterson, L. J., Dobbs, D., Dosa, D. M., & Hyer, K. (2021). “You Just Forge Ahead”: The Continuing Challenges of Disaster Preparedness and Response in Long-Term Care. Innovation in Aging, 5(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab038

Purnamasari, I., Widodo, S., Maryanto, S., & Cholifah, N. (2024). Fulfilling the Rights of Children in Vulnerable Areas of Violence through Women’s Institutional Education with an Andragogic Approach. KnE Social Sciences, 2024, 599–607. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i6.15314

Remacle, A., Bouchard, S., & Morsomme, D. (2023). Can teaching simulations in a virtual classroom help trainee teachers to develop oral communication skills and self-efficacy? A randomized controlled trial. Computers and Education, 200, 1–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104808

Rickert, N. P., & Skinner, E. A. (2022). Parent and teacher warm involvement and student’s academic engagement: The mediating role of self-system processes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 667–687. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12470

Rofiah, N. H., Kawai, N., & Hayati, E. N. (2021). Key elements of disaster mitigation education in inclusive school setting in the Indonesian context. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 13(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/JAMBA.V13I1.1159

Salmia, S. S. (2023). Development of Quality Instruments and Data Collection Techniques. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran Guru Sekolah Dasar (JPPGuseda), 6(1), 119–124. https://doi.org/10.55215/jppguseda.v6i1.7527

Sasmito, N. B., & Ns, P. (2023). Faktor Hubungan Kesiapsiagaan Keluarga dalam Menghadapi Dampak Bencana. Journal of Education Research, 4(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v4i1.129

Seddighi, H., Lopez Lopez, M., Zwitter, A., Muldoon, M. L., Sajjadi, H., & Yousefzadeh, S. (2023). Non-formal disaster education programs for school students in Iran: A qualitative study of the challenges experienced by stakeholders. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 86(January), 103531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103531

Seni, W., Zahara, H., Karma, T., Kala, P. R., Idroes, G. M., Yustiana, Y., Bako, W., Wangi, P. A. S., Anggi, T., & Fauziah, N. (2024). Edukasi dan Pelatihan Pertolongan Pertama Pada Kecelakaan (P3K) Siswi SMA Swasta Babul Maghfirah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bangsa, 2(4), 1120–1129. https://doi.org/10.59837/jpmba.v2i4.958

Simulator, E., Behavioural, F. O. R., & Population, O. F. T. H. E. (2024). I . MAN AND BIOSPHERE EARTHQUAKE SIMULATOR FOR BEHAVIOURAL EDUCATION. 1, 5–10.

Singh, S., Miller, E., & Closser, S. (2024). Nurturing transformative local structures of multisectoral collaboration for primary health care: qualitative insights from select states in India. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11002-2

Soelton, M., Noermijati, N., Rohman, F., & Mugiono, M. (2023). To improve the quality management of children welfare institutions and provide better services. Quality - Access to Success, 24(195), 295–302. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.195.35

Suwaryo, P. A. W., Santoso, D., Yuda, H. T., Nugroho, I. A., & Hariyady, H. (2024). Effective strategies to enhance awareness and proficiency in open wound emergency management for students. Journal of Community Service and Empowerment, 5(2), 290–294. https://doi.org/10.22219/jcse.v5i2.27253

Tarricone,P.; Mestan,K;Teo, I. (2021). Building resilient education systems (Issue August), DOI:10.37517/978-1-74286-639-0

Vanvlijmen, R., Mouha, A., Reekmans, S., Gasparini, L., & Vaes, F. (2023). “Gezond Ge(s)maakt”: a project in which vulnerable people learn skills and knowledge around healthy eating and cooking. International Journal of Integrated Care, 23(S1), 416. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23153

Willem Menzemer, L., Marie Vad Karsten, M., Gwynne, S., Frederiksen, J., & Ronchi, E. (2024). Fire evacuation training: Perceptions and attitudes of the general public. Safety Science, 174(October 2023), 106471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106471

Zhuge, R., Ruzieva, A., Chang, N., Wang, X., Qi, X., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Kang, Z., Liu, J., & Wu, Q. (2024). Evaluation of emergency drills effectiveness by center of disease prevention and control staff in Heilongjiang Province, China: an empirical study using the logistic-ISM model. Frontiers in Public Health, 12(February), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1305426

Article ID

16856

Published

2025-03-20

How to Cite

Windarsih, C. A., Kamil, M. ., Sudiapermana, E., & Ambag, S. C. (2025). The Role of  Female Tutors in the Implementation of   Emergency Drills Education for Child Protectionin Nonformal Childhood. Journal of Nonformal Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/jone.v11i1.16856