KAJIAN DAN TERAPAN KONSEP FISIKA DALAM DESAIN TUNGKU SEKAM

A. Suhandi(1), D. Rusdiana(2), Irzaman -(3),


(1) Jurusan Pendidikan Fisika FPMIPA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
(2) Jurusan Pendidikan Fisika FPMIPA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
(3) Departemen Fisika FMIPA, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan kajian dan penerapan konsep Fisika dalam menyempurnakan desain tungku sekam. Konsep-konsep Fisika yang dikaji meliputi konsep pembakaran dan transfer panas. Hasil kajian mengindikasikan bahwa konsentrasi udara dalam badan tungku sekam mengendalikan pembakaran sekam, proses transfer panas dan pelepasan gas buang yang dihasilkan. Pengaturan konsentrasi udara dalam ruang bakar tungku direalisasikan dengan cara memasang sirip saluran udara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki pengaruh jumlah sirip saluran udara terhadap efisiensi tungku. Proses penelitian dilakukan dengan cara menguji penggunaan tungku sekam dalam proses memasak 20 liter air. Berdasarkan data-data massa sekam yang digunakan, massa air, energi spesifik air, kalor yang dibutuhkan untuk memasak tiap satuan waktu, dan kandungan energi dalam bahan bakar sekam, efisiensi tungku sekam dapat dihitung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai efisiensi tungku sekam bergantung pada jumlah sirip lubang udara yang dipasang. Untuk ukuran tungku sekam yang digunakan dalam penelitian, efisiensi optimum  terjadi ketika jumlah sirip lubang udara berjumlah empat buah, dengan capaian efisiensi sebesar 20,25 %.

 

ABSTRACT
A study and an application of physics concepts in refining husk stove design have been done. The examined physicsconcepts include the concept of combustion and heat transfer. Results of the study indicated that the concentration of air in the stove combustion chamber could control husk burning processes, heat transfer and release of exhaust gasses produced.The management of air concentration in the stovecombustion chamber was realized by installing the fin air inlets.This research was conducted to investigate the effect of the number of fins air inlets to stove efficiency.The research process was done by testing the use of rice husk stove in the cooking of 20 liters of water. Based on the data of husk mass, water mass, the specific energy of water, the energy needed to cook per unit time, and the energy content in the fuel ash, rice husk stove efficiency can be calculated.The result of this research indicated that efficiency of husk stove depended on the number of installed fins air inlets. For a size  of husk stove used in this reasearch, the optimum efficiency occurredwhen the number of fin air inlets was four pieces, with an efficiency achievement of 20,25 %.

Keywords

husk stove; Physics Analyzes; Air fin hole; Rice husk stove efficiency

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References

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