Kajian Pengaruh Radiasi Sinar Gamma Terhadap Susut Bobot Pada Buah Jambu Biji Merah Selama Masa Penyimpanan

M. Akrom(1), E. Hidayanto(2), Susilo -(3),


(1) Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro
(2) Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro
(3) Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika dan IPA, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract

Telah dilakukan radiasi pada sampel jambu biji merah (psidium guajava linn) pada variasi dosis 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, dan 1 kGy menggunakan sinar gamma dengan sumber isotop Co-60 serta sampel yang tidak diradiasi sebagai sampel kontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh radiasi sinar gamma terhadap susut bobot sebagai indikasi dari terjadinya perlambatan proses fisiologis pada buah jambu biji merah selama masa penyimpanan. Sampel jambu biji merah diradiasi sesuai dosis yang ditentukan kemudian disimpan dalam wadah plastik selama 8 hari masa penyimpanan. Hari ke 4 dan ke 8 dilakukan evaluasi terhadap massa sampel untuk mengetahui penyusutan bobot yang terjadi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sampel yang tidak diradiasi mengalami penyusutan bobot rata-rata 20.27% dan sampel yang diradiasi mengalami penyusutan bobot rata-rata sebesar 1.23 – 5.98%. Perlakuan radiasi gamma mampu memperlambat proses fisiologis dimana terjadi perlambatan penyusutan bobot pada buah jambu biji merah selama masa penyimpanan.

 

The samples of red guava (psidium guajava linn) have been irradiated at variation doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 kGy using gamma rays with Co-60 isotope source and un-irradiated samples as control. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of gamma irradiation on shrinkage weights as indication of slowing in physiological processes on red guava fruit during storage. Red guava fruit samples were irradiated in certain doses then saved in plastic pan during 8 days storage time. The fourth and eighth day sample mass was measured to determine the shrinkage of the weight. The result showed that un-irradiated sample was shrinkage weighted average 20.27% and the samples were irradiated shrinkage weight by an average of 1.23 to 5.98%. Gamma irradiation is able to slow the physiological processes which cause shrinkage weight on red guava fruit during storage.

Keywords

Gamma irradiation; Red guava; Weight loss

Full Text:

PDF

References

Bushberg, J. T., Seibert, J. A., Leidholdt, E. M., Boone, J. M., 2002, The Essential Physics Of Medical Imaging, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA.

Bryun, I., Chu, R. D. H., Ehlerman, D. A. E., Loaharanu, P., Matin, M. A., McLaughlin, W. L., Mehta, K., Thomas, P., 2002, Dosimetery for Food Irradiation, IAEA, Vienna.

Chandra, R., 2004, Nuclear Mediciene Physics, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: USA.

Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2003, Recommended international code of practice for radiation processing of food, CAC/RCP, 19-1979, Rev. 2. Available from: www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/18/CXP_019e.pdf.

Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2003, Codex general standard for irradiated foods, CODEX STAN, 106-1983, Rev.1, Cited: 7 March 2008. Available from: www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/16/CXS_106e.pdf.

Diehl, J.F., 1995, “Safety of Irradiated Foods,” 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker, New York.

Egayanti, Y., 2009, Iradiasi Pangan, Food Review, Vol. IV, No. 7.

Enrico, S., 2008, Optimasi Keadaan Penyimpanan Buah Pepaya Sebelum Pemeraman Dengan Algoritma Genetika, IPB, Bogor.

Farkas J., 1998, Irradiation as a method for decontaminating food, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 44, 189-204.

Farkas J., 2006, Irradiation for better foods, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 17, 148-152.

Hendee, W. R., Ritenour, E. R., 2002, Medical Imaging Physics, Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York.

Hidayah, N. N., 2009, Sifat Optik Buah Jambu Biji (psidium guajava) Yang Disimpan Dalam Toples Plastik Menggunakan Spektrofotometer Reflektans-Vis. IPB: Bogor.

Hunter, R., 2006, Food Irradiation – Questions and Answers, Food Technology Service, Inc.

International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation (ICGFI), 1999, Facts about food irradiation, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna. Available from: www.iaea.org/nafa/d5/public/foodirradiation.pdf.

Kader A., 1989, Biochemical & Physiological. Basis for effect of controlled and modified atmosphere on fruit and vegetables, Journal Food Technology, Vol. 90, No. 5, Pg. 99-104.

Kader A., 1992. Postharvest Biology and Technology, In Kader A. (Ed), Posharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, Second Edition, p. 15-20, University of California, USA.

Khan, F. M., 2003, The Physics of Radiation Therapy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA.

Lawal, A. E., Akueche, E. C., Anjorin, S. T., Anyanwu, C. E., Harcourt, B. I., Shonowo, O. A., Ogunsola, A., Olasehinde, T. O., Adesanmi, C. A., 2011, Effect of gamma irradiation on the sprouting, nutritional and phytochemical composition of meccakusha yam tubers in Abuja, Nigeria, Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Vol. 2 No. 7, pg. 203-207.

Lee, S. Y., 2004, Irradiation as a method for decontaminating food, Journal of Food Safety, Vol. 3, pg. 32-35.

Meredith, W. J., Massey, J. B., 1977, Fundamental Physics of Radiology, John Wright & Sons LTD., Great Britain.

Podgorsak, E. B., 2005, Radiation Oncology Physisc, IAEA, Vienna.

Prasadini, P.P., Khan, M. A., Reddy, P.G., 2008, Effect of irradiation on shelf life and microbiologica quality of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.), J. Res. ANGRU, Vol 36(4):14-23.

Purohit, A.K., Rawat, T.S., Kumar. A., 2004, Shelf life and quality of ber fruit cv. Umran in response to postharvest application of ultraviolate radiation and paclobutrazole, Pl Foods for Human Nut, Vol 58(3):1-7.

Rukmana R., 1996. Jambu Biji, Penerbit Kanisius, Jakarta.

Safitri, R. dan Fitri, L., 2010, Kajian Pemanfaatan Radiasi Sinar Gamma (Co-60) Pada Sistem Pengawetan Makanan Studi Kasus Pada Serbuk Cabai, Universitas Syah Kuala, Banda Aceh.

Singh, S.P., Pal, R.K., 2009, Ionizing radiation treatment to improve postharvest life and maintain quality of fresh guava fruit. Radiation Phy. Chem, Vol 78:135-140.

Soeminto, B., 1985, Manfaat Tenaga Atom untuk Kesejahteraan Manusia, CV Karya Indah, Jakarta.

Thayer, D.W., Christopher, J.P., Campbell, L.A., Ronning, D.C., Dahlgren, R.R., Thomson, G.M., and Wierbicki, E., 1987, Toxicology studies of irradiation-sterilized chicken, J. Food Prot., 50: 278-288.

Thayer, D.W., 1990, Food irradiation: Benefits and concerns, J. Food Qual., 13: 147-169.

US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), 2007, Exploratory Data on Furan in Food. Available from: http://www.cfsan.fda.

WHO, 1999, High-dose irradiation: Wholesomeness of food irradiated with doses above 10kGy, Report of a joint FAO/IAEA/WHO study group, WHO technical report series 890, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Wills RBH, Lee TH, Graham D., Glasson WBM, Hall EG, 1989, Postharvest: An Introduction to the Physiology and Handling of Fruit and Vegetables, 3rd Ed, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

Winarno F. G., Aman M., 1979, Fisiologi Lepas Panen, Sastra Hudaya, Bogor.

Winarno F. G., 2002, Fisiologi Lepas Panen Produk Hortikulutura, M. Brio Press, Bogor.

Yadav, M. K. and patel, N. L., 2014, Optimization of irradiation and storage temperature for delaying ripening process and maintaining quality of Alphonso mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.), African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 9(5), pp. 562-571.

Yanping Ma, Xingang Lu, Xinghua Liu, Huiling Ma, 2013, Effect of 60Coγ-irradiation doses on nutrients and sensory quality of fresh walnuts during storage, Postharvest Biology and Technology, Vol. 84, pg. 36-42.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License