USULAN KRITERIA VISIBILITAS HILAL DI INDONESIA DENGAN MODEL KASTNER

J. A. Utama(1), S. E. Siregar(2),


(1) Laboratorium Bumi dan Antariksa, Jurusan Pendidikan Fisika Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) Bandung, Indonesia
(2) Kelompok Keahlian (KK) Astronomi, Program Studi Astronomi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Perbedaan dalam memulai dan mengakhiri ritual kolosal (puasa Ramadhan dan Idul Fitri ataupun Idul Adha) di kalangan umat Islam Indonesia masih berpotensi untuk terjadi pada masa depan selama belum disepakatinya suatu kriteria tunggal bagi visibilitas hilal yang memiliki landasan ilmiah kokoh. Dalam naskah ini diusulkan sebuah kriteria visibilitas hilal bagi wilayah Indonesia berdasarkan data kesaksian mengamati hilal yang dikompilasi oleh Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia dan sumber lain yang telah dihimpun lembaga Rukyatul Hilal Indonesia. Kriteria yang diusulkan tidak semata berdasarkan konfigurasi geometri ketiga benda langit terkait (Matahari–Bumi–Bulan), namun turut mempertimbangkan faktor kecerahan langit senja dan langit malam. Agar dapat diamati, umur Bulan minimal pascakonjungsi dan elongasinya berturut-turut harus lebih besar dari 15 jam dan 80. Beda tinggi (ARCV) minimal sebesar 110 untuk beda azimut (DAZ) 00, dan berkurang dengan membesarnya beda azimut Bulan–Matahari. Selain itu berhasil diperoleh penjelasan teoretik atas kriteria ketinggian minimal hilal 20 yang selama ini dianut Kementerian Agama RI. Hasil yang diperoleh ini dapat menjadi pijakan sementara bagi sebuah kriteria visibilitas hilal di Indonesia yang valid secara keilmuan. Dengan terus bertambahnya data observasi dan semakin baiknya pemodelan matematis, penerimaan umat Islam terhadap suatu kriteria tunggal yang teruji akurat diharapkan dapat

 

ABSTRACT
We proposed hilal visibility criteria for area near to equator. The criterion is not based on geometric configuration of the Sun–Earth–Moon only but considered the contribution of twilight and night sky brightness also. The data came from hilal observation reports compiled by Religion Ministry of Republic of Indonesia and Rukyatul Hilal Indonesia (Indonesia Hilal Observation) organization. In order to be observed, the age of the Moon after conjunction and its elongation should be greater than 15 hours and 80 respectively. The relative altitude  (ARCV) is 110 for relative azimuth (DAZ) of 00, and decreases with larger relative azimuth. We also provide theoretical explanation for hilal minimum altitude criterion of 20 that have been adopted by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Based on current available data, the proposed criteria can be used as the one of scientifically-based hilal visibility criterion. With the growing of hilal observation data comes from around Indonesia, we can improve and test the validity of the criteria based on model of Kastner. Then we can be optimistic about Muslims acceptance of unique criterion for hilal visibility in Indonesia.

Keywords

Hilal Visibility Criterion; Kastner Visibility Model; Sky Brightness

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