Implementation of Ecological Function Regulations for Green Open Space at Alun-Alun Bung Karno as a Public Green Open Space in Semarang Regency

Abstract

The provision of Green Open Space (RTH) is a legal obligation in urban spatial planning based on Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007, which requires a minimum allocation of 30% of the total urban area for RTH, with at least 20% designated as public RTH. Alun-alun Bung Karno in Kabupaten Semarang, as a form of public RTH in the shape of an intensive urban park. Its physical implementation shows inconsistencies with the ecological function provisions as regulated in Peraturan Menteri ATR/BPN Nomor 14 Tahun 2022 and Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Semarang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023. This study aims to analyze the gap in the implementation of ecological functions of RTH at alun-alun Bung Karno through a normative–empirical juridical approach, using data collection methods such as regulatory document studies, field observations, and interviews with policy stakeholders. The findings reveal, the dominance of impermeable asphalt surfaces in non-green coverage areas exceeds the permitted limit of 15%, thereby hindering rainwater infiltration and reducing the role of RTH as a water absorption zone and microclimate regulator. These findings indicate a tension between the fulfillment of extrinsic functions (social-economic purposes) and the legal obligation to maintain intrinsic functions (ecological purposes). The contribution of this research lies in identifying gaps in spatial planning law enforcement in the management of public RTH, as well as recommending strengthened monitoring mechanisms based on community participation and the implementation of administrative sanctions to achieve harmonization of RTH functions in line with sustainable development principles and the commitments of SDGs 11 and 13.