Urgency of Realizing Bystander Concept In Preventing Crime Victims
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v10i2.26332Keywords:
Bystander Intervention, Comparison, Criminal Law, Local WisdomAbstract
Bystander Intervention has a strategic role in preventing crime, although psychologically, most people are more apathetic and morally do not take part in social responsibility. This research aims to explore Bystander Intervention as an ideal concept for preventing victims. As it has developed in other countries, it is important to realize Bystander Intervention in Indonesia through local wisdom values and criminal law norms. This research adopts a normative juridical approach, incorporating comparative, conceptual, and statutory approaches. It was revealed that Bystander Intervention is an ideal concept for preventing crime because it offers two forms of direct and indirect intervention. In some countries, this concept has been successfully developed with a programmatic approach through measurable training and Bystander Intervention education curriculum to encourage students and adults to prevent victims. Indonesia does not recognize the concept of Bystander. However, Articles 532 of the Criminal Code and 432 of the Criminal Code 2023 provide opportunities, and there is harmony between the concept of Bystander Intervention and local wisdom values involving the principles of kinship, cooperation, and helping. These opportunities need to be realized by encouraging the effectiveness of criminal sanctions and re-igniting local wisdom values while integrating them with international practices so that realization does not only rely on criminal sanctions but also programmatic approaches.
References
Ashilah, Dhia, and Tatiyani Tatiyani. “HUBUNGAN ANTAR EMPATI DAN BYSTANDER EFFECT DENGAN PERILAKU PROSOSIAL PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMA X JAKARTA.” Psikologi Kreatif Inovatif 5, no. 1 (October 2024): 64–70. https://doi.org/10.37817/psikologikreatifinovatif.v5i1.4322.
Australian Human Rights Comission. “Be a Supportive Bystander,” n.d.
Bovill, Helen, and Paul White. “Ignorance Is Not Bliss: A U.K. Study of Sexual and Domestic Abuse Awareness on Campus, and Correlations With Confidence and Positive Action in a Bystander Program.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37, no. 5–6 (March 2022): 2801–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520916267.
Dorongsihae, Vickli, Sarah Sambiran, and Pangemanan Fanley N. “Peran Pemerintah Desa Dalam Pengembangan Kearifan Lokal Di Desa Pontak Kecamatan Ranoyapo Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan.” Ejoural Unstrat 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–11.
Edwards, Katie M., Victoria L. Banyard, Stephanie N. Sessarego, Emily A. Waterman, Kimberly J. Mitchell, and Hong Chang. “Evaluation of a Bystander-Focused Interpersonal Violence Prevention Program with High School Students.” Prevention Science 20, no. 4 (May 2019): 488–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-019-01000-w.
Fatihah, Rizkiyah Nurul, Alfitra Alfitra, and Mara Sutan Rambe. “Penegakan Hukum Bagi Pelaku Reaksi Pasif Masyarakat Terhadap Korban Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas.” JOURNAL of LEGAL RESEARCH 4, no. 2 (May 2022): 441–54. https://doi.org/10.15408/jlr.v4i2.17640.
Fatmawati, Dinar. “Islam and Local Wisdom in Indonesia.” Journal of Social Science 2, no. 1 (January 2021): 20–28. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v2i1.82.
Febriana, Mutia, and Arrum Budi Leksono. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Saksi Yang Memberikan Fakta Dalam Perkara Pidana.” Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 8, no. 10 (October 2023): 6070–81. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v8i10.13825.
Firdausi, Muhammad Fikri, Hamdanah Hamdanah, and Miftahurrizqi Miftahurrizqi. “Kula Pahari Culture: Local Wisdom and Educational Media to Build Harmony in Central Kalimantan Communities.” Kamaya: Jurnal Ilmu Agama 8, no. 1 (February 2025): 200–210. https://doi.org/10.37329/kamaya.v8i1.4066.
Flax, Maya, Olivia Millband, and Windy Grendele. “‘Doesn’t Anyone Care Anymore?’ – Bystander Intervention to Hate Crime.” International Review of Victimology 31, no. 1 (January 2025): 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/02697580241271465.
Government, LIYwodraeth Cymru Welsh. “Apply Free Bystander Intervention Training,” n.d.
Henson, Billy, Bonnie S. Fisher, and Bradford W. Reyns. “There Is Virtually No Excuse: The Frequency and Predictors of College Students’ Bystander Intervention Behaviors Directed at Online Victimization.” Violence Against Women 26, no. 5 (April 2020): 505–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801219835050.
Hiriyah, Aida Hayani, and Ika Tri Susilowati. “Penurunan Moral Pendidikan Di Era Digitalisasi 1.” Literasi XIII, no. 2 (2022): 162–68.
Jönsson, Sandra, and Tuija Muhonen. “Factors Influencing the Behavior of Bystanders to Workplace Bullying in Healthcare—A Qualitative Descriptive Interview Study.” Research in Nursing & Health 45, no. 4 (August 2022): 424–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.22228.
Julinar, Julinar, Khairunnisa’ Syarif, and Nurul Aiyuda. “Hubungan Antara Bystander Effect Dengan Perilaku Prososial Pada Mahasiswa Pekanbaru.” Indonesian Research Journal on Education 4, no. 3 (July 2024): 320. https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v4i3.787.
Kania, Rachel, and Jesse Cale. “Preventing Sexual Violence Through Bystander Intervention: Attitudes, Behaviors, Missed Opportunities, and Barriers to Intervention Among Australian University Students.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36, no. 5–6 (March 2021): 2816–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518764395.
Kettrey, Heather Hensman, Martie P. Thompson, Robert A. Marx, and Alyssa J. Davis. “Effects of Campus Sexual Assault Prevention Programs on Attitudes and Behaviors Among American College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Adolescent Health 72, no. 6 (June 2023): 831–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.02.022.
Kusumawardani, Christina Anggraeni, and Christiana Hari Soetjiningsih. “Empati Dan Perilaku Prososial Pada Relawan Jogo Tonggo.” Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian 3, no. 7 (2022): 7133-7140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47492/jip.v3i7.2220.
Labhardt, Danielle, Sarah Brown, Emma Holdsworth, Nadine McKillop, Douglas James Howat, and Christian Jones. “UK and Australian University Students’ Perceptions of the Nature of Sexual Assault and Intervening Behavior.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 39, no. 9–10 (May 2024): 1952–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605231212171.
Laia, Fariaman. “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Saksi Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan.” Syntax Idea 3, no. 4 (April 2021): 763–78. https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v3i4.1156.
Liu, Yih-Lan, Tong-En Jian, and Cheng-Yan Wang. “Utilizing VR Technology to Explore the Moral Courage Process and Bystander Behaviors: An Experimental Trial.” Computers in Human Behavior Reports 17 (March 2025): 100596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100596.
Lukman Maulana, Nana Mardian, Rahmita Galuh, and Vania Hayunandgea. “Menanamkan Nilai Gotong Royong Melalui Kearifan Lokal Desa Penglipuran.” RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora Dan Pendidikan 3, no. 3 (May 2025): 112–19. https://doi.org/10.62383/risoma.v3i3.756.
Manoppo, Reynold S. “TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PASAL 531 KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA MEMBIARKAN ORANG YANG SEDANG MENGHADAPI MAUT.” Lex Privatum 14, no. 4 (2022): 1–10.
Martiana, Irra, and Dian Peniasiani. “Local Wisdom of Mapag Cai Tradition of Banceuy Villages Indigenous Community for Sociology Learning Outcomes.” Inovasi Kurikulum 21, no. 4 (November 2024): 1967–80. https://doi.org/10.17509/jik.v21i4.74511.
Mennicke, Annelise M., Heather M. Bush, Candace J. Brancato, and Ann L. Coker. “Bystander Program to Reduce Sexual Violence by Witnessing Parental Intimate Partner Violence Status.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 63, no. 2 (August 2022): 262–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.022.
Monitasari, Restu Gusti, Eki Furqon, and Enis Khaerunnisa. “Demokrasi Dalam Dimensi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Berdasarkan Paradigma Philosophische Grondslag.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 1, no. 2 (2021): 239–40.
Nande, Sherafie Sharon Sanggalangi, and Rakhmaditya Dewi Noorrizki. “Pengaruh Kehadiran Orang Lain Terhadap Waktu Yang Diperlukan Seseorang Untuk Menolong Dalam Perspektif Prososial.” Flourishing Journal 2, no. 5 (December 2022): 392–97. https://doi.org/10.17977/um070v2i52022p392-397.
Navex. “Courses: Bystander Intervention Training,” n.d.
Nst, Mutiara Nabila, Wilodati Wilodati Wilodati, and Mirna Nur Alia Abdullah. “Pengaruh Perilaku Active Defending Pada Bystander Terhadap Pencegahan Bullying (Studi Kasus Siswa SMA Di Kota Medan).” JSHP : Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Dan Pendidikan 7, no. 2 (July 2023): 211–20. https://doi.org/10.32487/jshp.v7i2.1789.
Pfaff, Johanna, Sandra Jönsson, and Tuija Muhonen. “Bystander Intervention Programs Focusing on Sexual Violence in Academia—A Scoping Review.” Sage Open 14, no. 2 (April 2024): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241259156.
Program, Bystander Training. “Bystander Training,” n.d.
Rahardjo, Satjipto. Negara Hukum Yang Membahagiakan Rakyatnya. 2nd ed. Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing, 2009.
Sari, Ratna, and Fatma Ulfatun Najicha. “Memahami Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Negara Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat.” Harmoni 7, no. 1 (2022): 53–58.
Siagian, Rolas Tipando. “REPRESENTATION OF GOTONG-ROYONG LOCAL WISDOM IN TOBA BATAK FOLKLORE Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan.” L’Geneus : The Journal Language Generations of Intellectual Society 9, no. 1 (2020): 24–27.
Sjögren, Björn, Robert Thornberg, and Jun Sung Hong. “Moral Disengagement and Defender Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Bystander Behaviors in Peer Victimization in Middle School: A One-Year Longitudinal Study.” Journal of School Psychology 107 (December 2024): 101400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101400.
Sofyana, Nur Laylu, and Budi Haryanto. “Menyoal Degradasi Moral Sebagai Dampak Era Digital.” Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 4 (2023): 224.
Sugiharto, Juliana Dwi Arifin Lubis, Anisa Rahman, Aris Wijaya, and Rinny Sartika. “ANALISIS PANCASILA SEBAGAI WELTANSCHAUUNG BAGI KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA.” Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 9, no. 2 (June 2024): 661–70. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v9i2.15506.
Sulistya, Liat Prima. “Banyak Kasus Suami Bunuh Istri Didahului KDRT Berulang, Keluarga Dan Tengga Tahu Kenapa Tetap Terjadi?” Vice.com, 2023.
Syarubany, Abu Hanif Muhammad, Mazi Prima Karunia Azzahra, Rizky Sri Rahayu, and Suhandoyo Prayoga. “PENGARUH PAMALI SEBAGAI KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM MEWUJUDKAN NILAI DAN NORMA DALAM KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL GENERASI Z.” Jurnal Kewarganegaraan 5, no. 2 (December 2021): 570–77. https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v5i2.1945.
University of East Anglia. “Bystander Intervention Training,” n.d.
Weaver, Nancy L., Meghan E. Taylor, Terri L. Weaver, and Timothy J. Kutz. “Support Over Silence for KIDS: A Bystander Training Program to Address Public Child Maltreatment.” Children and Youth Services Review 118 (November 2020): 105257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105257.
West, Matthew P., Jessica Huff, and Bailey Saldana. “Crime Severity, Relational Distance, and Bystander Reporting.” Journal of Criminal Justice 87 (July 2023): 102074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102074.
Wilbrink, Annerie. The Effect of Prior Victimization on Bystander Intervention into Crime. Bachelorthesis Sociology, Utrecht University, 2019.
Zai, Aziza Safira, Siti Atiyyatul Fahiroh, and Dzulkifli Dzulkifli. “Hubungan Antara Bystander Effect Dengan Perilaku Prososial Pada Kader Ikatan Mahasiswa Muhammadiyah Di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.” Archetype:Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi & Terapan 6, no. 1 (2024): 25–32.
Zakiyah, Siti Hajar. “Karakteristik Pengamat (Bystander) Cyberbullying Pada Siswa Di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan.” Al-Ittizaan: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam 7, no. 1 (2024): 29–36.
Zhong, Lena Y. “Bystander Intervention and Fear of Crime.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 54, no. 2 (April 2010): 250–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X08331214.
Downloads
Published
Article ID
26332Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rani Hendriana, Agus Raharjo, Nabila Puspakesuma, Lintang Ario Pambudi (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
