Criminal Law Enforcement on Digital Identity Misuse in AI Era for Commercial Interests in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/iccle.v7i1.25525Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Identity Misuse, Law EnforcementAbstract
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology particularly in the forms of deepfakes and voice cloning has significantly impacted the lives of Indonesians. While AI offers various conveniences and innovations, it also poses serious threats, especially the misuse of digital identities for commercial purposes. This study aims to analyze the adequacy and effectiveness of Indonesia's criminal law, particularly the Indonesian Criminal Code and Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law), in addressing AI-based digital identity crimes. Using a normative juridical approach, this research finds that current legal frameworks do not specifically regulate AI-related offenses. As a result, perpetrators often exploit legal and technological loopholes to avoid prosecution. The consequences of these crimes are far-reaching, including financial losses, reputational damage, and psychological trauma for victims. The study recommends revising the ITE Law, strengthening personal data protection, forming an AI-based digital forensics task force, and fostering cross-sectoral collaboration to combat digital identity crimes without stifling technological innovation.
References
"‘Everyone looked real’: multinational firm’s Hong Kong office loses HK$200 million after scammers stage deepfake video meeting” South China Morning Post, accessed 15 May 2025, https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3250851/everyone-looked-real-multinational-firms-hong-kong-office-loses-hk200-million-after-scammers-stage.
"BNI Ungkap Modus Penipuan Jelang Lebaran, Bagikan Cara Cegah Kerugian," BNI, accessed 15 May 2025, https://www.bni.co.id/id-id/beranda/kabar-bni/berita/articleid/24537.
"China steps up crackdown on ‘misleading’ AI-generated content, ‘troubling phenomena’," South China Morning Post, accessed 15 May 2025, https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3255578/china-steps-crackdown-misleading-ai-generated-content-troubling-phenomena.
"Kasus Penipuan Deepfake AI, Polri Buru Pelaku Pemalsuan Wajah Presiden-Prabowo," Media Indonesia, accessed 14 May 2025, https://mediaindonesia.com/politik-dan-hukum/737308/kasus-penipuan-deepfake-ai-polri-buru-pelaku-pemalsuan-wajah-presiden-prabowo.
U.S. Code § 230 (Communications Decency Act, 1996).
Aini, Nurul, and Fauziah Lubis. "Tantangan Pembuktian Dalam Kasus Kejahatan Siber." Judge: Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 02 (2024): 55-63.
Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII), "APJII: Jumlah Pengguna Internet Indonesia Tembus 221 Juta Orang," APJII, accessed 11 May 2025, https://apjii.or.id/berita/d/apjii-jumlah-pengguna-internet-indonesia-tembus-221-juta-orang.
Bakara, Amanda Rich Margareth. "Kerjasama Badan Siber Dan Sandi Negara (Bssn) dan Departement of Foreign Affairs And Trade (DFAT) dalam Meningkatkan Keamanan Siber Indonesia melalui Program Share Information and Best Practice Tahun (2019-2022)." PhD diss., Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, 2024.
California Legislative Information, "AB-730 Elections: Deceptive Audio or Visual Media," 2019.
Citaristi, Ileana. "Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development—OECD." In The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022, pp. 694-701. Routledge, 2022.
Citron, Danielle K., and Robert Chesney. "Deepfakes and the new disinformation war." Foreign Affairs (2019).
Cyberspace Administration of China, Algorithmic Recommendation Management Provisions (Beijing: CAC, 2022).
Dan Jurafsky and James H. Martin, Speech and Language Processing, 3rd ed. (Pearson, 2023), 45.
Denta Putra Azhar and Ahmad Mahyani, “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penyebaran Data Pribadi,” Bureaucracy Journal: Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance 3, no. 1 (2023): 540–58.
European Commission, Digital Services Act (Brussels, 2022).
European Parliament and of the Council, Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) (Brussels: EU Parliament, 2022).
European Parliament and of The Council, Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) 2024/1689 (2024).
Goodfellow, Ian J., Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio. "Generative adversarial nets." Advances in neural information processing systems 27 (2014).
Goodfellow, Ian, Yoshua Bengio, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio. Deep learning. Vol. 1, no. 2. (Cambridge: MIT press, 2016.) 76.
Lukitasari, Diana. "Adopsi Model Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Terhadap Malfungsi Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence Di Indonesia." PhD diss., UNS (Sebelas Maret University), 2023.
Mitchell, T. M., Machine Learning, vol. 1, no. 9 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997), 2.
Nuhi, Muhammad Hanan, Logan Al Ghozi, Syakira Nazla, and Davina Syakirah. "Pembaharuan Hukum Penanganan Tindak Pidana Pemalsuan Identitas Akibat Penyalahgunaan Artificial Intelligence Di Indonesia." Jurnal Batavia 1, no. 02 (2024): 80-88.
Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) Singapore, Model AI Governance Framework, 2nd ed. (Singapore: IMDA, 2023).
Putra, Akbar Rajendra, and Gialdah Tapiansari Batubara. "Analisis Dampak Penggunaan Ai Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penipuan Online Bagi Masyarakat Di Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Terpadu 8, no. 6 (2024).
Putra, Muh Abduh Dwi. "Pelacakan Pelaku Kejahatan Siber Pengguna Virtual Private Network (Vpn) Pada Jaringan The Onion Router (Tor)(Studi Kasus Di Badan Siber Dan Sandi Negara)." PhD diss., Universitas Airlangga, 2020.
Rahman, Rofi Aulia, and Rizki Habibulah. "The criminal liability of artificial intelligence: is it plausible to Hitherto Indonesian criminal system?." Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 27, no. 2 (2019): 147-160.
Singapore Statutes Online, Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) (2019).
Stuart J. Russell dan Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, edisi ke-4 (Boston: Pearson, 2016), 3.
Szeliski, Richard. Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications (Springer Nature, 2022), 78.
U.S. Congress, H.R.5586 Deepfake Accountability Act of 2023 (2023).








