The Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies (IJCLS) is committed to maintaining research integrity, protecting the rights and welfare of research participants, and promoting responsible scholarly publication. Authors are responsible for ensuring that their research complies with applicable ethical principles, institutional requirements, and relevant national and international regulations.

Manuscripts involving human participants, animals, personal data, or identifiable information must include appropriate statements on ethics approval, informed consent, and consent for publication, where applicable. Authors must accurately report the ethical procedures followed throughout the research process.

1. Subject Consent and Privacy Protection

Research participants have the right to privacy, confidentiality, and respect for their autonomy. Authors must obtain informed consent before collecting or using personal information where required by applicable law, institutional policy, or relevant ethical standards.

Identifying details, including names, photographs, videos, and other personal information, should be omitted from manuscripts unless they are essential to the scholarly purpose of the research and the appropriate consent has been obtained. Authors must not alter, fabricate, or falsify research data in an attempt to conceal participants' identities.

Authors must take reasonable measures to protect participants' identities and confidential information. Since complete anonymity cannot always be guaranteed, particular care must be taken when reporting sensitive information, individual experiences, or identifiable case details.

2. Ethics Committee Approval

Authors must state whether their research received approval from an appropriate research ethics committee or institutional review board, where required. Research involving human participants or animals must be conducted in accordance with applicable legislation, institutional requirements, and relevant ethical guidelines.

For research involving human participants, authors should refer to the latest applicable version of the Declaration of Helsinki where relevant to the research design and subject matter.

The manuscript must identify the ethics committee that approved the research and provide the approval or reference number, where applicable. If approval was waived, exempted, or deemed unnecessary, authors must provide a clear statement explaining the determination and its basis. Authors must not claim an exemption without an appropriate justification or determination where one is required.

The editors of ICCLE reserve the right to assess the appropriateness of the ethical safeguards applied in a study and to request supporting documentation when necessary.

3. Consent for Publication

If a manuscript contains information relating to an identifiable individual, including personal details, photographs, videos, or case-specific information, authors must obtain consent for publication from the individual concerned or, where legally appropriate, their parent or legal guardian.

Consent to participate in a study does not automatically constitute consent to publish identifiable information. Authors must ensure that individuals understand what information will be published and the potential implications of its disclosure.

Manuscripts presenting case reports or detailed accounts of identifiable individuals must include a statement confirming that the required consent for publication has been obtained. Authors may use an appropriate institutional consent form or another suitable form that meets applicable ethical and legal requirements.

Consent forms do not ordinarily need to be submitted with the initial manuscript unless requested by the editors. However, authors must retain the documentation and provide a copy upon request, including after publication where necessary. If the manuscript contains no individual person's data, authors should state: "Not applicable."

4. Studies Involving Animals

Manuscripts reporting research involving animals must include a statement confirming that the study received approval from the relevant animal research ethics committee or other competent authority, where required. Authors must identify the approving body and provide the approval reference number where applicable.

Reports of experiments involving live animals must describe relevant procedures, including anaesthesia and surgery where applicable, and explain the measures taken to prevent or minimize pain, distress, and suffering. Where muscle relaxants or comparable interventions are used, authors must describe the precautions taken to ensure adequate anaesthesia and animal welfare.

If a manuscript does not involve animals, animal data, or animal tissue, authors should state: "Not applicable." Any exemption from ethical review must be justified in accordance with the relevant institutional and legal requirements.

5. Research Involving Human Intervention

Research involving invasive procedures, clinical interventions, experiments, or other interventions affecting human participants must be conducted only after obtaining the required ethics committee approval and informed consent, as applicable.

Authors must confirm that participants were adequately informed about the purpose, procedures, foreseeable risks, potential benefits, and voluntary nature of the research. Participants must be informed of their right to decline participation or withdraw, subject to applicable legal and ethical requirements.

The manuscript must identify the responsible ethics committee and provide the approval reference number where applicable. Any relevant safeguards, adverse events, and measures to protect participants must be reported accurately.

6. Consent from Potentially Vulnerable Participants

Research involving potentially vulnerable participants, including children, older persons who may require additional safeguards, persons with intellectual or cognitive disabilities, and individuals in dependent or unequal power relationships, requires particular ethical consideration.

Authors must take reasonable steps to ensure that consent is freely given, informed, and appropriate to the participant's capacity and circumstances. Participants should receive information in a form they can understand and be given sufficient time and, where appropriate, access to support from a trusted person when making their decision.

Where participants cannot legally provide consent independently, permission must be obtained from a parent, legal guardian, or legally authorized representative, as required by applicable law and ethical standards. Assent should also be obtained from children or other participants where appropriate and feasible.

Researchers must take additional precautions to prevent coercion, undue influence, exploitation, and unnecessary disclosure of sensitive information. The inclusion of vulnerable participants must be scientifically and ethically justified.

7. Required Statements in Manuscripts

Authors must include relevant declarations in a clearly identified ethics statement or declarations section of their manuscripts. Depending on the nature of the research, the statement should address:

• Ethics committee approval, including the committee's name and reference number where applicable.
• The informed consent procedure for research involving human participants, where applicable.
• Consent for publication of identifiable individual information, where applicable.
• Ethical approval and animal welfare measures for research involving animals, where applicable.
• An explanation of any ethics review waiver, exemption, or determination that approval was unnecessary.
• A statement of "Not applicable" for requirements that genuinely do not apply to the study.

Authors must ensure that all declarations are accurate, consistent with the actual research procedures, and supported by appropriate documentation where required.

8. Editorial Assessment and Compliance

The ICCLE editorial team may request clarification, ethics approval documents, consent documentation, or other evidence necessary to verify compliance with this policy. Authors are expected to cooperate with reasonable editorial requests and provide truthful information concerning their research.

Failure to comply with applicable ethical requirements, misrepresentation of ethics approval, or the absence of required consent may result in rejection of a manuscript. Where concerns arise after publication, the journal may take appropriate action in accordance with its editorial policies and applicable publication ethics guidance.