An Analysis of Indonesian Children Repatriation in Syria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v5i1.36359Keywords:
Children; Ex-ISIS; Indonesian CitizenAbstract
Some Indonesians in refugee camps in Syria state they want to return to Indonesia. The plan to repatriate the Indonesian ex-ISIS then raises the pros and cons. Some consider that Indonesian citizen who have joined ISIS deserve to be given the opportunity to improve themselves and have a right to be returned to Indonesia if they really want to repent. Some are worried that the repatriation of Indonesian citizen who join ISIS would create new problems in Indonesia. The problem is that among them there are dozens of children, and they are not combatants who took up arms against Iraq and Syria. They just follow where their parents go. Using the normative juridical study method, this paper explains the potential impact that can arise on national security if the Indonesian government adopts a policy of repatriating Indonesian children who used to join ISIS. The results in this study then provide a prescription that should be carried out by the Indonesian government towards Indonesian children who used to join ISIS.
References
Adji, I. S. (2001). Terorisme dan HAM dalam Terorisme: Tragedi Umat Manusia. Jakarta: O.C. Kaligis & Associates.
BBC News Indonesia. (2020). Anak Indonesia eks ISIS di Suriah: Desa diserang roket, saya lari, setelah itu tak melihat lagi keluarga saya. Retrieved April 9, 2020, from https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-51470700
Chandra Iswinarno & Erick Tanjung. (2020). Pemerintah Tolak Pemulangan 600 WNI Eks-ISIS, Bagaimana Nasib Anak Mereka? Retrieved April 16, 2020, from suara.com website: https://www.suara.com/news/2020/02/14/202604/pemerintah-tolakpemulangan-600-wni-eks-isis-bagaimana-nasib-anak-mereka
CNN Indonesia. (2020). BNPT: Ratusan WNI Eks ISIS Tersebar di 3 Kamp di Suriah. Retrieved April 16, 2020, from cnnindonesia.com website:
Figueira, D. (2011). Salafi Jihadi Discourse of Sunni Islam in the 21 st Century: The Discourse of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi and Anwar al-Awlaki. New York: Thinkstock.
Gabil, R. (2006). Syria the United States, and The War on Terror in The Middle East. New York: An Imprint Of Greenwood Publishing Group.
Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF). (2019). The Hague-Marrakech Memorandum on Good Practices for a More Effective Response to the FTF Phenomenon. Retrieved April 16, 2020, from thegctf.org website: https://www.thegctf.org/documents/10162/140201/14Sept19_The+HagueMarrakech+FTF+Memorandum.pdf
Gunaratma, R. (2015). The Rise of the Islamic State: Terrorism’s New Face In Asia. Panorama, 1, 12.
Hasyim, A. S. (2015). The Impact of the Islamic State in Asia.
Horgan, J. G. (2017). From Cubs to Lion: A Six Stage Model of Child Socialization into the Islamic State. Journal Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40(7), 654–655.
Iqbal, M. (2015). Ini Penyebab Banyak Orang Indonesia Ingin Gabung ISIS Menurut Ulama Suriah. Retrieved April 14, 2020, from detik.com website: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2929891/ini-penyebab-banyak-orang-indonesiaingin-gabung-isis-menurut-ulama-suriah
Jenkins, B. M. (2014). Brothers Killing Brothers. London: Rand Corporation.
Jones, S. G. (2014). A Persistent Threat: The Evolution of Al-Qa’ida and Other Salafi Jihadist. London: Rand Corporation.
Kementerian Agama RI. (2011). Perkembangan paham keagamaan transnasional di Indonesia. Jakarta: Puslitbang Kehidupan Keagamaan.
Liputan6.com. (2020). WNI Eks-ISIS Telah Kehilangan Kewarganegaraannya. Retrieved March 31, 2020, from https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/4173299/hikmahanto-wni-eks-isis-telahkehilangan-kewarganegaraannya
Mahyani, A. (2019). Perlindungan Hukum Anak Sebagai Pelaku Terorisme. Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus, 2(2), 50.
Männik, E. (2009). Terrorism: Its Past, Present and Future Prospects. Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasutused, 12, 153.
Mockaitis, T. R. (2007). The “New” Terrorism: Myths and Reality. Westport. London: Praeger Security International.
Mulyadi, L. (2012). Bunga Rampai Hukum Pidana Perspektif, Teoritis, dan Praktis. Bandung: PT Alumni.
Nawawi Arief, B. (2013). Perbandingan Hukum Pidana Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Palete, M. S. (2014). Implementasi Pembinaan Narapidana dalam Tahap Asimilasi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Maros. Universitas Hasanuddin.
Purnamasari, D. M. (2020). Mahfud MD Khawatir jika Terduga Teroris Pelintas Batas Kembali ke Tanah Air. Retrieved April 16, 2020, from kompas.com website: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/01/21/19572181/mahfud-md-khawatirjika-terduga-teroris-pelintas-batas-kembali-ke-tanah-air
Rahmanto, D. N. (2020). Dunia yang Adil di Mata ISIS. Retrieved April 14, 2020, from tempo.co website: https://kolom.tempo.co/read/1311304/dunia-yang-adil-dimata-isis
Rijal, N. K. (2017). Eksistensi dan Perkembangan ISIS: Dari Irak Hingga Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional Pacis, 13(1), 51.
Tjitrosudibio, S. dan. (2002). Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.
UNICEF. (n.d.). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved March 31, 2020, from https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention/convention-text
United Nations Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict. (n.d.). Child Recruitment and Use. Retrieved April 21, 2020, from https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/six-graveviolations/child-soldiers
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017). Handbook on Children Recruited and Exploited by Terrorist and Violent Extremist Groups: The Role of the Justice System. Viena.
Wadrianto, G. K. (2017). Kisah Duka Keluarga Indonesia Simpatisan ISIS di Suriah. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from Kompas.com website:
Waid, A. (2014). ISIS: Perjuangan Islam Semu dan Kemunduran Sistem Politik (Komparasi Nilai-Nilai Keislaman ISIS dengan Sistem Politik Kekinian). Epistemé, 9(2), 402.
Wardah, F. (2020). Pengamat Nilai Rencana Pemulangan Anak Mantan ISIS Langkah Tepat. Retrieved April 17, 2020, from voaindonesia.com website: https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/pengamat-nilai-rencana-pemulangan-anakmantan-isis-langkah-tepat/5306908.html
Yahya, A. N. (2020). Mahfud MD: Teknis Pemulangan Anak-anak dari WNI eks ISIS itu Gampang. Retrieved April 17, 2020, from kompas.com website:https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/02/24/22082521/mahfud-md-teknispemulangan-anak-anak-dari-wni-eks-isis-itu-gampang
Zelin, A. Y. (2014). The War between ISIS and al-Qaeda for Supremacy of the Global Jihadist Movements. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy Research Notes, 20, 1.
